电动汽车充换电站的成本效益模型及敏感性分析

电动汽车充换电站(battery charging and swapping station,BCSS)是中国电动汽车应用的重要基础设施之一,得到了广泛关注和示范推广。BCSS的成本收益模型对BCSS商业化推广是至关重要的,文中探讨了电动汽车BCSS的组成结构和运营模式,选择以电池租赁运营模式的BCSS为研究对象,考虑了其投资成本、运营和维护费用、人工薪酬等成本及充换电服务等收益,建立了基于净现值动态评价指标的电动汽车BCSS成本效益模型。最后以中国某大型电动汽车充换示范电站为实例,分析了该电站在全寿命周期内的成本收益模型,并进行了敏感性分析,得出了影响BCSS收益的关键因素依次为充换电服务价格、电池租赁费用、购电价格等。该模型及分析结果为电动汽车BCSS商业化运行提供了成本收益评估和决策依据。     

空调蓄冷方案在需求侧管理中的成本效益分析

以项目投资回收期作为DSM方案的评价目标,以空调蓄冷这类常用的DSM方案为例进行了详细的成本效益分析,对各种不确定性因素变化对设备投资回收期的影响进行了灵敏度分析,结果显示,空调蓄冷DSM方案是可行的。     

时变可靠性约束下含风电系统旋转备用的随机规划模型

大规模风电并网后,系统运行经济性和可靠性之间的矛盾十分突出,传统确定旋转备用的方法存在较大的局限性。建立的含风系统旋转备用随机规划模型,能够根据系统容量冗余度,灵活分配各时段可靠性权重,实现调度周期内可靠性的协调优化。该模型充分考虑不同机组提供旋转备用的成本差异,允许机组对旋转备用进行报价,以发电成本、直接备用成本和期望停电成本三者之和最小为目标,实现发电侧和用户侧整体经济效益的最大化。应用该模型,可以对含风系统的旋转备用进行成本效益分析,为调度机构设置合理的可靠性水平提供决策依据。采用粒子群算法对模型进行求解,并通过算例分析验证了上述模型和算法的有效性。     

改进的成本效益分析在电网规划中的应用

合理的电网结构是电力系统安全稳定运行的重要基础。文章基于经济学中的成本效益分析法,根据电网规划的特点,建立了多目标电网规划数学模型。将电网的可靠性指标转化为经济性指标,并做为目标函数的一部分,使得电网规划的数学模型更加完善,协调了供需双方的利益,从而使规划方案达到了整体最优。     

需求响应的成本收益构成及其分配

需求响应可以引导用户进行更合理更有效的用电安排,改善电力生产资源效率。这个效率提高创造了一个多元的利益：所有参与者,电力的供需双方,系统的可靠性以及电力市场的可靠性。对需求响应各类成本及收益的构成、发生和归属作了分析,界定并提出了需求响应的利益分配和成本分担的主体及其机制。     

配电网重要电力用户停电损失及应急策略

重要电力用户的停电损失占配电网总体停电损失的绝大部分。建立了重要电力用户的配电网负荷模型、系统模型和费用损失模型,对系统可靠性和经济性进行了分析。从设计用户调查表入手,建模确定生产过程复杂、损失巨大的大工业类用户及其它类用户的停电损失函数,从而建立负荷模型。采用故障模式后果分析法选取正确的配电系统可靠性指标对负荷点可靠...     

城市配网自动化可靠性评估与成本效益分析

实施城市配电网自动化是提高电力系统可靠性的重要技术手段。论述配网自动化技术的机理和特点,探讨配网自动化对可靠性的影响,并对传统的配电网可靠性评估方法进行修正,建立配网自动化可靠性评估模型;通过成本效益分析法,分析配网自动化的经济效益;最后,以某实际配电系统为例验证评估方法的综合效果以及成本效益间的经济性关系。实施配网自动化改造可有效提高其可靠性和经济效益。     

油井措施评价指标与效益分析模型的研究

通过对油井措施分析,建立油井措施评价指标体系,在此基础上建立了单项措施效益分析模型、注水措施井或区块整体考虑措施井效益分析模型和措施井投资评价模型,并依据所建立的模型对压裂、酸化、常规洗井、加深泵挂、解堵、补射六项措施进行了分析,结果表明模型具有较好的实用性。     

Evaluating effects of multiple land-use projects: A comparison of methods

Multiple land-use projects are complex by nature. This is demonstrated by the involvement of multiple stakeholders, often with conflicting interests, and the presence of effects that are intangible in monetary terms. As a consequence, the application of traditional evaluation methods such as cost-benefit analysis is sometimes insufficient. However, other methods such as multicriteria analysis are available. In this paper we investigate and evaluate the possible effects of multiple land use (MLU) by means of a literature review and a case study approach. The emphasis will especially be on the usefulness of multicriteria analysis in the evaluation of MLU projects.     

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Software Quality Models

Software reliability is increasingly important in today's marketplace. When traditional software development processes fail to deliver the level of reliability demanded by customers, radical changes in software development processes may be needed. Business process reengineering (BPR) is the popular term for comprehensive redesign of business processes. This paper focuses on the business processes that produce commercial software, and illustrates the central role that models have in implementation of BPR. Software metrics and software-quality modeling technology enable reengineering of software development processes, moving from a static process model to a dynamic one that adapts to the expected quality of each module. We present a method for cost-benefit analysis of BPR of software development processes as a function of model accuracy. The paper defines costs, benefits, profit, and return on investment from both short-term and long-term perspectives. The long-term perspective explicitly accounts for software maintenance efforts. A case study of a very large legacy telecommunications system illustrates the method. The dependent variable of the software-quality model was whether a module will have faults discovered by customers. The independent variables were software product and process metrics. In an example, the costs and benefits of using the model are compared to using random selection of modules for reliability enhancement. Such a cost-benefit analysis clarifies the implications of following model recommendations.