零售商资金约束供应链中的金融服务与营运管理协调策略

基于零售商存在资金约束和破产成本的条件假设,研究由一个供应商与一个零售商组成的二级供应链中的外部金融服务和营运管理协调策略.研究表明,不确定需求分布下零售商的融资能力和订购水平是有限的.资金不足零售商可通过外部金融服务实现最优订购,为供应链创造价值,并且金融市场的竞争程度、零售商的初始资金量和破产成本率会影响零售商的订购策略、供应商的批发价策略和供应链绩效.     

Studies on the response of ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Woodard’ rabbiteye blueberries to fertilizers

A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of three fertilizer placement methods and 11 fertilizer formulations on plant survival, economics of replanting, yield, and fruit size of two rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars Tifblue and Woodard. Fertilizer rates were either mixed with the soil under plants (before planting), sidedressed, or half-rate was placed under plants with the other half sidedressed. Fertilizers at planting caused a total of 34% Woodard and 12% Tifblue plants to die as compared to 6% for Woodard and none for Tifblue when no fertilizer was applied. Fertilizer formulas 2-1-1 and 5-10-10 oxide ratios placed under Woodard plants caused 100% mortality whereas Tifblue fertilized with oxide ratios 2-2-2 and 5-10-10 under plants reached the maximum 50% mortality. Splitting fertilizer placement under the side of the plants resulted in less Woodard plant mortality (30%) than placing all the fertilizer under plants (54%). However, plant mortality for the side/under group was not different than sidedressing all fertilizer (23%). A planted hectare in this experiment consisted of 1852 Tifblue and 926 Woodard plants, providing one Woodard plant to pollinate two Tifblue plants. Based on the results obtained, the 5-10-10 fertilizer placed under plants would be expected to cause half the Tifblue (926 plants) and all the Woodard (926 plants) to be replanted. Plant costs alone was estimated to be $2315 with additional replanting costs of $93 for Tifblue and much higher for Woodard. Sidedressing 5-10-10 fertilizer eight weeks after planting would have prevented plant mortality. Placement of various fertilizers under Woodard or Tifblue plants resulted in a significant increase in plant mortality as compared to side placement of fertilizers. Yield loss due to plant mortality increased linearly with the N level of the fertilizers (ranging from 0 to 2) for both cultivars. Woodard fruit size was not affected by fertilizer placement but placing fertilizers under Tifblue plants produced smaller yields with larger fruit than sidedressed plants. Blueberry plants in a virgin acidic soil may experience no reduction in yield if fertilization is completely eliminated.     

建设工程社会成本的分析与控制

随着各地工程项目的大规模建设,其不可避免地对社会、环境以及经济系统等产生影响,其中的负面影响则形成了建设工程的社会成本．基于此,首先介绍了建设工程社会成本的概念,然后分析了其构成,主要包括工程对资源环境、交通、社会、经济等方面影响而产生的社会成本．最后,站在工程建设的角度提出了控制社会成本的措施、建议,希望能促进工程领域社会成本观念的形成和发展,真正实现工程建设、资源环境和社会的可持续发展．     

我国商业银行信用卡顾客忠诚影响因素研究

在理论研究的基础上,构建了我国商业银行信用卡顾客忠诚形成的影响因素假设模型,并采用实证的方法,运用SPSS统计软件对调查数据进行整理和分析。研究发现：服务质量,顾客信任对信用卡顾客的态度忠诚和行为忠诚是正相关关系,转换成本与信用卡顾客的行为忠诚是正相关关系,而与顾客的态度忠诚是负相关关系。     

SFT中的因素作用路径与作用历史

为了描述SFT中系统或元件在不同工作环境状态下经历变化的特征,提出了因素作用路径和作用历史的概念。作用路径描述系统或元件在不同工作状态变化过程中所经历状态的集合。作用历史描述经历作用路径过程中的可积累状态量。给出使用作用路径和作用历史分析问题的步骤。列举一例子,计算在设定条件下的元件维护成本。计算作用路径分别为AB和ACB两种,作用历史中使元件故障概率等于20%的维护成本,该维护成本是通过调整使用时间t和使用温度c产生的。最后给出以实例为背景的作用历史计算方法的不足、面临的问题和可能的解决方法。     

基于絮凝技术下的薯蓣皂苷分离研究

以超声波辅助十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液萃取得到的薯蓣皂苷萃取液为研究对象,以薯蓣皂苷分离因数为评价指标,系统研究了絮凝剂种类、絮凝剂加量、体系pH值、复配条件等对薯蓣皂苷分离因数的影响.发现在最佳絮凝条件下,薯蓣皂苷的分离因数94.5%,采用该技术薯蓣皂素的得率较真空浓缩法高0.062%,该技术为实现低成本下薯蓣皂素的清洁生产奠定了基础.     

Energietransport über weite Strecken

If the regenerative energy that can be produced in a country is not sufficient for the successful implementation of the energy transition, one possible solution could be the purchase of regeneratively produced electricity from countries particularly favored by meteorology. This article examines five different technologies for energy transport. The electricity is generated once in a photovoltaic system and once in a wind turbine park. The investments in the transmission technologies sometimes exceed the investments in the power generation technologies many times over. According to the available results, without considering storage, the wind turbine system, although it is specifically more expensive than the photovoltaic system, always leads to lower electricity generation costs after the energy transport. The reason is the higher number of full load hours of the wind turbine.     

中国工业与自然环境腐蚀调查

利用Uhlig方法和Hoar方法调查了近年来中国工业和自然环境腐蚀损失和腐蚀控制的现状，其中包括能源、交通、建筑、机械、化工、基础设施、水利和军事设施等典型的行业和企业。用两种方法所得到的年腐蚀损失结果相近，分别为2048亿元和2288亿元人民币。如果包括间接损失，借鉴国外利用国民经济投入／产出表的计算结果进行对比，我国每年腐蚀总损失可达4979亿元以上，约占GNP的5％。为了降低腐蚀损失，应如同对待医学和环保一样重视防腐蚀问题，从国家的层面上加强腐蚀管理，进一步制定防腐蚀的国家规划和立法；提出了完善防腐蚀的标准和规范体系以及加强基础研究和腐蚀工程教育的建议。     

熔模铸造熔炼车间防止金属浪费的三点措施

分析了当前熔模铸造所面临的形势，指出了生产实践中熔炼车间容易造成金属浪费的三个环节，并提出了相应的预防措施。通过加强管理，避免浪费，降低了铸件生产成本，增强了市场竞争能力。     

大数据处理中基于热感知的能源冷却技术

大数据极速发展使超大型大数据分析平台不断涌现,导致能源成本急剧上升。为保证服务器的热可靠性,提出一种以数据处理为中心的能源冷却成本技术。该技术考虑了服务器不均衡热力特性、热力稳定性负载阈值差异以及集群大数据语义差异等,对文件进行主动式热感知布局,从而在不影响性能的前提下降低冷却能源成本,保证大数据分析集群的热可靠性。基于Yahoo公司一个月的真实大数据分析对该技术进行评估,实验结果表明,该技术可使冷却成本下降42%,总体性能是当前无关冷却技术的9倍。