三氟乙酸对几种植物油的显色反应

以三氟乙酸为显色剂,对芝麻香油、二级棉籽油、三级棉籽油、一级菜籽油、菜籽毛油5种植物油进行显色反应,并在350~700 nm波长进行紫外-可见光谱扫描.结果显示用三氟乙酸做显色剂能够很明显地将这5种植物油区分开来,所显示的颜色分别为:黄绿色、黄橙色、暗红橙色、红紫色、暗红橙色;并且上述5种植物油显色反应后的紫外-可见光谱扫描曲线差别很大,容易区分.     

城市污泥混合青霉素菌渣堆肥实验

为分析抗生素残留对菌渣堆肥过程的影响,以青霉素菌渣、市政脱水污泥和木屑为原料,研究好氧堆肥过程温度、碳素、氮素等理化参数的变化及青霉素的降解情况. 首先通过0.4 m³的大堆体研究菌渣好氧堆肥的可行性,然后通过5个6 L的小堆体详细研究菌渣污泥混合堆肥过程. 结果表明：菌渣污泥混合堆肥升温效果优于对照的单纯污泥. 堆肥菌渣质量分数与堆肥物料总有机碳（TOC）质量分数成正比,堆体的TOC质量分数随堆肥时间不断下降且趋于稳定,菌渣残留的青霉素未影响堆肥过程TOC的变化趋势. 投加菌渣增加了堆体的水溶性有机碳（WSOC）质量分数,生物可利用碳源的增加促进了堆肥过程微生物的转化作用,有助于堆肥过程温度的升高. 添加菌渣有助于减少堆肥原料中的氮素损失,且在第5天已检测不到菌渣中的抗生素残留. 可以通过混合堆肥实现菌渣的资源化利用及药物残留的分解.     

The Study of Otsu Algorithm Applied in the Measuring of Ash Proportion

To further improve the boiler ash ratio detection methods and resource utilization, through image processing technology for boiler ash ratio analysis, the article first studied the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, and then for the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, in order to improve the accuracy of the algorithm, then it puts forward a two-dimensional Otsu algorithm. Finally the two-dimensional Otsu algorithm combined with the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm and the improved Otsu algorithm. By analyzing the improved Otsu algorithm, this paper considers the pixel gray value, neighborhood information, excluding light, noise and the relative efficiency of one-dimensional Otsu algorithm higher accuracy. The relative dimensional Otsu algorithm operating efficiency has been greatly improved. Improved Otsu algorithm in dealing with boiler ash ratio detection has played a very good part in the ecological environment, economic development and some other important aspects.     

浅谈生物柴油在新疆发展

生物柴油即脂肪酸甲酯,可作为石油的代用品。主要利用动、植物油或油脚作为原料制成的一种环保型的、可再生的能源与工业原料。在新疆发展生物柴油除了有地域优势,在原料方面也有很大的优势。     

Effect of Heat Treatment Upon the Chemical Composition of Cottonseed Meal and Upon the Reactivity of Cottonseed Condensed Tannins

The effects of heat treatment on the chemical composition of cottonseed meal (CSM), with or without the addition of cottonseed hulls (containing condensed tannins; CT), and upon reactivity of the CT were studied. Heat was applied in a forced draught oven at 100°C for 2 h. Fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB)-available lysine, free gossypol, extractable- and bound-CT concentrations, in vitro total nitrogen (N) solubility and the in vitro rumen degradation of the two major seed proteins (52 and 48 kDa) present in cottonseed kernel (which does not contain CT) were determined. The reactivity of CT was assessed by determining N solubility and rumen degradation of cottonseed kernel proteins in the presence or absence of polyethylene glycol (PEG; molecular weight (MW) 3500), which binds and inactivates CT. Heat treatment reduced the concentrations of free gossypol and FDNB-available lysine by small amounts, reduced measurable total CT content by 13%, reduced the solubility of total N, and reduced potential degradability of the 52 and 48 kDa cottonseed storage proteins by mixed rumen microorganisms. Addition of hulls further depressed solubility of total N and ruminal degradation of the two major storage proteins in cottonseed kernel. The action of PEG in vitro indicated that only part of the depression caused by hull addition could be explained by the presence of CT in the hulls, and that the effects of CT upon N solubility and potential degradability in heated CSM were similar to that in unheated CSM. Addition of hulls also substantially reduced FDNB-available lysine. In commercially produced materials, CSM from the Brisbane mill had a lower total CT content, lower N solubility and lower ruminal protein degradation rate than CSM from the Narrabri mill, but a similar level of FDNB-available lysine. Although application of heat inactivated 13% of the total CT, such that it could no longer be extracted and detected with butanol/HCl, it did not seem to change the overall effects produced by CT in reducing N solubility and protein degradation. The effect of hull addition in reducing available lysine has considerable relevance for feeding CSM to monogastric livestock. Interactions involving heat, hulls and CT need to be further studied.     

电石渣浆处理及澄清水回收系统工艺改造

通过对乙炔工段电石渣浆系统进行改造与优化,将电石渣浆澄清水全部回收利用,实现了工业废水零排放。节约了水资源,降低了生产成本,取得了显著的环保效益和经济效益。     

Alcalase 2.4L FG酶解米渣蛋白动力学特性研究

采用pH-stat法对Alcalase2.4L FG酶水解米渣蛋白的动力学特性进行了比较系统探讨：（1）探讨了温度、酶浓度（[E]／[S]）、底物浓度、pH值和水解时间对水解度的影响，并确定了比较理想的工艺参数：（2）探讨了该酶催化水解米渣蛋白反应的动力学参数：Km=0．6598mol／L，Vmax=0．00351mol／min·L；（3）探讨了该酶催化水解米渣蛋白反应的初级阶段的动力学特性，为米渣的进一步开发提供理论依据。     

中药渣及袋栽平菇中重金属含量的研究

用原子吸收分光光度法对药渣及用药渣栽种的平菇中重金属元素铅、铜、镉含量进行了测定,并用单项累积污染超标倍数Pe进行评价。结果表明:药渣中铜、铅、镉均被检出,铜的平均含量为14.32 mg/kg,镉的平均含量为0.212 5 mg/kg,均低于中国药典2005版和绿色行业标准的限量标准;铅平均含量为8.356 mg/kg,高于中国药典2005版和绿色行业标准1.67倍,其单项累积污染超标倍数Pe为0.67。用药渣栽种的平菇(试验组)中重金属铅、镉均未检出,说明平菇对药渣中的铅未产生富集现象,铜平均含量为9.199 mg/kg,低于国家食品(蔬菜、食用菌)卫生限量标准,平菇中铜、铅、镉含量是安全的。     

棉仁蛋白粉的营养评价

通过对“乙醇一己烷混合溶剂浸出工艺”生产的棉仁蛋白粉化学成份分析表明，棉仁蛋白粉是一种高蛋白（５０．２％）、低纤维（５．０％）、低毒性（３８８ｐｐｍＦＧ）的蛋白质原料，富含Ｐｈｅ（３．１％）、Ａｒｇ（６．１％）、Ｍｅｔ＋Ｃｙｓ（２．１％），Ｌｙｓ为第一限制性氨基酸，ＡＬｙｓ（有效赖氨酸）仅为总Ｌｙｓ的７０％，棉仁蛋白粉低Ｃａ（０．１７％）、高Ｐ（１．０４％）、低Ｍｎ（１５ｐｐｍ），富含Ｆｅ（２６４ｐｐｍ）、Ｚｎ（８９ｐｐｍ）、Ｃｕ（３０ｐｐｍ）。采用Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ法评定其生物学价值。ＴＡＡ表观消化率为７５％，ＣＰ、ＴＡＡ真消化率为８０％、８２％，ＴＭＥ、ＡＭＥ分别为１１．８８ＭＪ／Ｋｇ、９．２７ＭＪ／ｋｇ。可见，ＣＫＰＦ的生物学价值较高。     

以柑橘果渣为主要原料生产细菌纤维素的研究

目的:拓宽细菌纤维素(BC)生产的原料来源,明确柑橘渣水对汉逊氏葡糖酸醋杆菌CIs51发酵产BC的影响。方法:以筛选自酸败柑橘果实的汉逊氏葡糖酸醋杆菌CIs51为发酵菌株,以柑橘果渣为主要原料,用扫描电镜观察其微结构,研究果渣预处理工艺、营养源、生长因子等对BC产量及微结构的影响。结果:柑橘果渣与水以1:8(W/V)的比例混合打浆,以150U/mL的果胶酶复配100U/mL纤维素酶,45℃水解2h;过滤后进行酵母前发酵工艺;选择蔗糖为碳源,添加量30g/L,(NH4)2SO4为氮源,添加量3g/L,酵母粉和柠檬酸的添加量分别为5g/L和1g/L。在此优化培养基中CIs51的产量达7.23g/L,明显高于其在HS培养基、柑橘渣水改良HS(CMHS)培养基中的产量(依次为4.02g/L及6.57g/L)。结论:柑橘渣水能够显著提高CIs51的BC产量,所得BC膜呈半透明质地,柔韧性好,具有替代椰子水进行工业化生产的前景。