MMC-HVDC系统直流侧非金属性短路故障电流计算方法

为研究基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(MMC-HVDC)系统直流侧短路电流的工程实用计算方法,基于金属性短路故障电流通用解析式,分析了MMC-HVDC系统发生非金属性短路故障时换流站放电电流的相互抑制作用以及放电回路的耦合机理,并基于所推导的解析表达式提出了故障电流的解耦计算方法。基于PSCAD/EMTDC对MMC-HVDC系统发生非金属性短路故障工况进行仿真分析,将仿真结果与解析计算值进行对比验证。搭建数字-物理混合仿真实验模型,在数字端和物理端分别设置短路故障,对比实验值与解析计算值。验证结果表明,所提故障电流计算方法能准确地表征MMC-HVDC系统直流侧非金属性短路故障电流的演变趋势。     

面向高比例新能源接入的电氢耦合系统设想及分析

高比例新能源接入电力系统,其高随机性与波动性将造成系统“源-荷”结构失衡,且高比例电力电子化将导致传统电力系统以同步发电机和机电动态特性为基础的技术特性发生深刻变化。为此,提出了一种采用“送端绿电离网外送-受端离网制氢-氢燃气并网发电”模式的电氢耦合系统,即在送端将新能源电力汇集接入至与交流电网无电气联系的直流输电网络中,在受端满足电解水制氢直流负荷并通过氢燃气发电方式支撑交流电网,从而将大量新能源消纳和新增“西电东送”需求与送端/受端交流电网解耦。所提电氢耦合系统不仅能改善系统电力电量平衡,促进高比例新能源消纳,还能够保障电力系统的安全可靠运行,可为我国高比例新能源电力系统的演进方向提供参考。     

考虑碳-绿证耦合机制的电-气-热综合能源系统分布式鲁棒低碳经济调度

为了保护综合能源系统中不同运营主体的信息隐私,权衡系统运行低碳性和经济性,解决天然气网络鲁棒模型难以求解的问题,提出了考虑碳-绿证耦合机制的电-气-热综合能源系统分布式鲁棒低碳经济调度方法。考虑天然气网络和热力网络的动态特性、碳-绿证耦合机制,构建综合能源系统动态低碳经济调度模型;为了保护各网络运营商的数据隐私,根据能量耦合关系对综合能源系统解耦,建立电-气-热网络的分布式协同优化模型;在此基础上,考虑风电出力和多能负荷的不确定性,提出基于一致性交替方向乘子法的分布式鲁棒优化框架,并利用二阶锥对偶理论与交替优化方法实现含二阶锥约束和二元变量的鲁棒子问题求解。以修改的IEEE 39节点电力网络、比利时20节点天然气网络和15节点热力网络为算例进行仿真分析,验证所提方法能够在源荷不确定性条件下实现综合能源系统各网络分散自治运行,同时兼顾系统运行的低碳性和经济性。     

基于滤波与图优化的定位与建图系统

针对室外大场景环境建图精度不高,地图出现重影和漂移等问题,提出一种融合滤波与图优化理论实时定位与建图系统。该系统由点云数据预处理、基于滤波紧耦合惯性里程计和后端位姿图优化等三部分构成。首先,点云数据预处理采用随机采样一致性算法分割地面,并提取地面模型参数构建后端优化中的地面约束因子。然后,前端紧耦合惯性里程计采用迭代误差状态卡尔曼滤波,以激光里程计作为观测值,IMU预积分结果作为预测值,通过构建联合函数,滤波融合得到较为精准的激光惯导里程计。最后,后端结合图优化理论引入闭环因子、地面约束因子以及帧与图匹配的里程计因子作为约束条件,构建因子图并优化地图位姿。其中闭环因子采用改进的扫描文本的闭环检测算法进行位置识别,可以降低环境误识别率。本文提出的算法在室外厂区楼栋,停车场以及室内车间等多个场景完成场景建图,在距离,水平和高程三个方向的累积偏差均控制10厘米左右,能够有效解决地图的重影和漂移问题,具有高鲁棒性和高精度。     

基于COMSOL的纸浆模塑干燥模拟及验证

目的 研究采用COMSOL Multiphysics模拟纸浆模塑干燥效率及厚度变化的可行性。方法 基于多孔介质理论,应用有限元仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立纸浆模塑干基含水率随时间变化的热湿、水分流动、非等温流动多物理场耦合模型,考虑干燥中含湿多孔介质的湿空气热对流及多孔基体的热传导,模拟在热板加热条件下纸浆模塑的干燥效率和厚度的变化,并与实验结果进行比较。结果 模型内域探针所得模拟结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性,在干燥后期厚度预测误差范围为0.4%～7.7%,干燥效率预测差异值最低为4.3%。结论 采用COMSOL Multiphysics模拟纸浆模塑干燥过程可行。     

直接Z-Scheme异质结Al-PMOFs/CdZnS光催化剂的制备及其光催化苯甲胺氧化性能

摘要：采用水热法合成了具有立方柱状结构的卟啉基金属有机框架化合物(Al-PMOFs),然后通过共沉淀法将CdZnS纳米颗粒沉积在Al-PMOFs棱柱上,得到了界面接触良好的异质结Al-PMOFs/CdZnS纳米杂化材料。将催化剂应用于可见光催化苯甲胺氧化偶联反应中,结果表明,Al-PMOFs/CdZnS纳米复合材料具有较好的光催化反应活性和稳定性。室温下当溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)时,经可见光照射7 h后,苯甲胺可以发生氧化偶联反应生成N-苄基-1-苯基甲亚胺(BPMI),苯甲胺的转化率可达97%,BPMI 的选择性超过99%,复合材料的光催化活性较相同条件下单一的CdZnS和Al-PMOFs提高了2倍。Al-PMOFs/CdZnS光催化性能的提高主要归因于Al-PMOFs与CdZnS之间形成了直接Z-scheme异质结,该异质结能够促进Al-PMOFs和CdZnS界面上的电荷传输,抑制Al-PMOFs/CdZnS杂化材料表面光生载流子的复合。通过自由基捕获实验等提出了适合该体系的直接Z-scheme光催化反应机理以及电荷转移路径。     

40Gb/s 0.18μm CMOS甚短距离并行光接收前端放大器

研制成功一种应用于甚短距离(VSR)光传输系统的40Gb/s 并行光接收前端放大器芯片.该电路采用12路并行信道结构和0.18μm CMOS工艺,单信道传输速率达到了3.318Gb/s.电路设计采用了RGC结构和噪声优化技术,克服了CMOS光检测器大寄生电容造成的带宽不够的问题.提出了一种同时采用P 保护环(PGR)、N 保护环(NGR)和深N阱(DNW)的并行放大器隔离结构,有效地抑制了并行放大器之间的串扰,减小了放大器之间的衬底耦合噪声.测试表明,所有信道在3.318Gb/s数据速率、2mVpp输入和2pF的寄生电容下均得到了清晰的眼图.芯片采用1.8V电源供电,单路前端放大器的功耗为85mW,12路总功耗约为1W.     

Thermo-economic optimization of an indirectly coupled solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid power plant

Power generation using gas turbine (GT) power plants operating on the Brayton cycle suffers from low efficiencies, resulting in poor fuel to power conversion. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is proposed for integration into a 10-MW GT power plant, operating at 30% efficiency, in order to improve system efficiencies and economics. The SOFC system is indirectly coupled to the GT, in order to minimize the disruption to the GT operation. A thermo-economic model is developed to simulate the hybrid power plant and to optimize its performance using the method of Lagrange Multipliers. It predicts an optimized power output of 18.9 MW at 48.5% efficiency, and a breakeven per-unit energy cost of USD 4.54 ¢ kW h⁻¹ for the hybrid system based on futuristic mass generation SOFC costs.     

A Unified Analysis of Structured Sonar-Terrain Data Using Bayesian Functional Mixed Models

Sonar emits pulses of sound and uses the reflected echoes to gain information about target objects. It offers a low cost, complementary sensing modality for small robotic platforms. Although existing analytical approaches often assume independence across echoes, real sonar data can have more complicated structures due to device setup or experimental design. In this article, we consider sonar echo data collected from multiple terrain substrates with a dual-channel sonar head. Our goals are to identify the differential sonar responses to terrains and study the effectiveness of this dual-channel design in discriminating targets. We describe a unified analytical framework that achieves these goals rigorously, simultaneously, and automatically. The analysis was done by treating the echo envelope signals as functional responses and the terrain/channel information as covariates in a functional regression setting. We adopt functional mixed models that facilitate the estimation of terrain and channel effects while capturing the complex hierarchical structure in data. This unified analytical framework incorporates both Gaussian models and robust models. We fit the models using a full Bayesian approach, which enables us to perform multiple inferential tasks under the same modeling framework, including selecting models, estimating the effects of interest, identifying significant local regions, discriminating terrain types, and describing the discriminatory power of local regions. Our analysis of the sonar-terrain data identifies time regions that reflect differential sonar responses to terrains. The discriminant analysis suggests that a multi- or dual-channel design achieves target identification performance comparable with or better than a single-channel design. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Anthropomorphisms in multimedia learning: Attract attention but do not enhance learning?

Anthropomorphizing graphical elements in multimedia learning materials improves learning outcomes. The reasons for enhanced learning are unclear. We extended a seminal anthropomorphism study in order to examine whether the effect of anthropomorphisms on learning outcomes, both immediate and delayed, is caused by the anthropomorphized elements' effects on attention distribution or by elevated positive affective–motivational states. The study had a partial 3 × 2 design (the materials' graphics: schematic vs. black‐and‐white anthropomorphisms vs. colourful anthropomorphisms × eye tracker: present vs. absent). The participants were university students (N = 181). Unexpectedly, we found no significant effect of anthropomorphisms on learning outcomes. Anthropomorphisms significantly affected attention distribution during initial fixations but not overall. Modest effect on enjoyment was found, but no such effect was detected as concerns flow and generalized positive affect. We also found that the eye tracker's mere presence had slight adverse effects on learners, but these effects did not compromise learning.