压痕法确定纤维复合材料界面影响区蠕变特性的数值模拟法

研究由平头压痕蠕变试验来确定纤维复合材料界面影响区蠕变性能参数的可行性。利用有限元蠕变分析确定在定压痕应力下的压痕蠕变率，重点放在稳定压痕蠕变率和复合材料材料界面影响区的蠕变性能参数的关系上。计算结果表明，界面影响区的剪应力沿纤维轴向在蠕变的主要过程中均匀分布，并且保持不变；详细地研究了压头大小对压痕蠕变响应的影响：提出两种方法由压痕蠕变试验来确定界面影响区蠕变性能参数，并给出了算例。这些结果也有利于准确认识平头压痕蠕变试验从而拓宽其应用范围。     

Characterization of Precursor-Derived Silicon-Carbon-Nitrogen Ceramics after Creep Testing

Precursor-derived Si-C-N ceramics after creep testing in air were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis showed that the crept Si-C-N ceramics were covered by an α-cristobalite layer. TEM observations revealed that the precipitated nanocrystallites in the crept Si-C-N ceramics were β-SiC. Between α-cristobalite and crept Si-C-N ceramic, there was an intermediate zone in which Si₂N₂O nanocrystallites were distributed homogeneously. Moreover, Si₂N₂O nanocrystallites were often found covering the surface of nanosized gas channels in the crept Si-C-N ceramics, where no α-cristobalite phase was detected. Based on these observations, a two-step oxidation mechanism of Si-C-N ceramics during creep testing in air was proposed.     

SiC纤维增强玻璃陶瓷的结构与高温力学性能研究

通过ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ，ＡＥＳ，抗弯及蠕变试验考察了ＳｉＣ纤维增强的玻璃瓷的微观结构及高温力学性能。实验结果表明：除了在复合材料的基质中存在着大量的针状晶体之外，在纤维与基质的界面还存在着８０ｎｍ厚的富碳层。     

Creep and Creep Fracture in Hot-Pressed Alumina

The creep and creep fracture behavior of two hot-pressed aluminas are presented, for both flexural and tensile testing. Steady-state power-law creep is observed with a stress exponent of about 2 for each material. Three distinct fracture regimes are found. At high stress in flexure, fracture occurs by slow crack growth with a high stress dependence of the failure time. At intermediate stresses, in both flexure and tension, creep fracture occurs by multiple microcracking after modest strains. Failure times exhibit a modest stress dependence (stress exponent of 2.5 in tension and 3 in flexure), with a constant failure strain equal to 0.09. The failure times are considerably longer in flexure than in tension, because of the constraint imposed on crack growth by the bending geometry. We conclude that flexure cannot be used for creep lifetime assessment, even in simple, single-phase materials such as Al₂O₃. At low stresses, in tension, failure also exhibits a modest stress dependence but with a much higher failure strain. The material shows the onset of super-plastic behavior.     

Thermally stimulated creep (TSCr) study of viscoelastic behavior and physical aging of a polymeric matrix composite for spacecraft structures

Thermally Stimulated Creep (TSCr) mechanical spectroscopy has been used to analyze molecular movements in KMU‐4lcarbon/epoxy composite material around the glass transition temperature. This technique is powerful to characterize the microstructure and micromechanical properties of the epoxy matrix and their evolution upon thermal aging. Three cooperative submodes have been distinguished by resolving the fine structure of the material complex α‐retardation mode. The elementary processes constituting this mode possess activation enthalpies and preexponential factors that strongly depend on the thermal history of the sample. The activation parameters of the composite are subject to perceptible evolution due to postcuring degradation. The α‐mode associated complex spectrum shifts towards higher temperatures by 27°C as a consequence of a series of quenching in the temperature range 260 to 0°C; the material shows a rise in the fragility and a deterioration in the crack‐growth resistance qualities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 342–350, 2002     

The influence of branch length on the deformation and microstructure of polyethylene

The length and number of side chain branches have a profound influence on the microstructure and physical properties of polyethylene (PE). For a series of linear PE copolymers: environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR), melting points, creep resistance and modulus, and equilibrium spherulite size were all found to increase with increasing branch length (methyl to hexyl) at a given density and molecular weight. It is proposed that (at a fixed molecular weight) branch length and branch concentration determine spherulite size and, consequently, spherulitic boundary areas, in which the dry crazing/voiding occurs during the incubation period of environmental stress cracking (ESC). At a fixed density, decreased spherulite size contributes to greater spherulite boundary slip and increased creep at low (less than 2 MPa) stresses.     

高速铁路无碴轨道预应力连续梁徐变影响分析

随着我国高速铁路事业的发展,越来越多的大跨连续梁桥得到应用.但是过去建设的大跨连续梁已有不少出现了挠度增大及表面开裂等现象,引起这些现象最重要的原因是混凝土的收缩徐变效应.本文选取合理的徐变系数后,从相对湿度、加载张拉龄期、二期恒载上桥时间三个因素对徐变影响进行研究,提出控制后期挠度变形的建议.     

CNONIX标准符合性测试研究

CNONIX标准规范了图书出版行业在信息交互过程中的数据项及其格式,提高了数据质量和使用效率。为了保证第三方软件能够正确地生成符合CNONIX标准的XML文件以及检测一个XML文件是否符合CNONIX标准,提出了相关的标准符合性测试方法;对CNONIX标准中规定的元素属性进行了研究并且分析了其对测试用例的影响;设计了XML文件对于CNONIX标准符合性的检测规则;最后提供了一个应用实例对检测规则予以说明。     

A Thermo-Mechanical Study of Some Epoxy Adhesives Subjected to Combined Dynamic and Static Stresses

The object of the present study was to investigate the effect of superimposed dynamic and static stresses on mechanical and thermal properties of some epoxy adhesives. It was found that combinations of shear creep and torsional oscillations, applied simultaneously to adhesive joints at temperatures within the glassy range of the adhesive, led to strengthening of the joints in shear and to an increase in the glass transition temperature of the adhesive. Similar loading stresses applied at temperatures close to the T_g of the adhesive, led to opposite effects on the above mentioned properties of the joints. The width of the glassy-rubbery transition of the adhesives increased, in the whole range of temperatures used in this study and for all epoxy compositions, as a result of subjecting the joints to superimposed dynamic and static stresses. The broadening of the glass transition was interpreted as a result of the stiffening of polymer network during the combined stressing experiments. A linear relationship was found between the area of endothermal peaks in the first DSC scan of specimens subjected prior to test to superimposed dynamic and static stresses at temperatures below T_g, and the shear strength of the joints. In agreement with this observation and with literature data, a linear relationship was revealed also between the glass transition temperature of the resins (measured in the first DSC scan) and the shear strength of the joints. Based on experimental observations and on some literature information, it was suggested that the strengthening of the joint, as well as the changes in thermal properties of the adhesives, are mainly due to physical processes, such as short-range orientation of network chains and an increase in intermolecular interaction between highly polar sites of the network. The possibility that superimposed stressing led to changes in chemical crosslinking was discussed but it seems that no such reactions occurred.     

预应力连续箱梁桥混凝土收缩徐变效应

混凝土收缩徐变效应对桥梁结构内力以及线形产生不可忽视的影响。混凝土收缩徐变机理复杂,影响因素多,随机变化量大,它对结构性能的影响至今难以得到精确的解答。文章以某改建连续箱梁桥为工程背景,通过建立有限元模型,模拟分析了预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥在成桥阶段和若干年后的收缩徐变效应,经过理论计算,得出混凝土收缩徐变对结构内力、线形的影响规律,期望能为同类桥梁的设计和施工提供参考。