Voidage characteristics and prediction of bed expansion in liquid-solid inverse fluidized bed

Studies on voidage fluctuations, axial voidage profile and bed expansion are carried out by measuring the local void fraction using particles of wide ranging characteristics in liquid-solid inverse fluidized bed. The quality of fluidization is elucidated by the local voidage fluctuations. The RMS voidage fluctuation depicts a maximum with respect to average bed void fraction and increases with increase in Archimedes number. The fluidization quality has been quantified using average normalized RMS voidage fluctuation in terms of Transition number. The axial void fraction is almost uniform throughout the bed except for particles with size distribution. All the literature and present experimental data on bed expansion are unified in terms of Richardson and Zaki equation using experimental terminal velocities. A new correlation is proposed for predicting the wall effect corrected experimental terminal velocities, as a substitute for standard drag equation. The bed expansion data are also predicted using the drift flux model.     

基于多传感器信息融合的水下运动体速度测量

针对水下运动体测速中存在的难度大、精度低等问题,提出一种基于加速度计和机械测速装置的融合测速方法。该方法实质上是一种改良的模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波,在常规卡尔曼滤波的基础上,引入了自适应参数,并通过模糊控制器对残差的监控来实时调整自适应参数。经Matlab仿真和实际试验证实:该方法可以有效地提高卡尔曼滤波器的跟踪性,并改善滤波效果,适用于通用的水下运动体测速。     

基于似人特性的机器人拟人臂自主抓取动作规划

针对拟型服务机器人在家庭环境中的自主抓取任务,提出了一种强调运动姿态似人特性的机器人手臂动作的运动规划方法.该方法基于人体工程学中的快速上肢评估准则评价机器人运动姿态的似人特性,并在此基础上以机器人传速速率最优为目标规划机器人持物动作的姿态构型.最后以Motoman SDA10D拟人双臂机器人为例,具体介绍了该方法的应用和规划的结果,规划结果证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

Drag of nonspherical particles in a flow behind a shock wave

The early stage of velocity relaxation of nonspherical particles in a flow behind an incident shock wave is considered by the method of multiframe shadowgraphy. A procedure of processing the data on the motion of a free body for determining its acceleration is proposed; in combination with the diagnostic method used, the procedure forms something like a noncontact aerodynamic balance. Novel data on the drag of bodies of irregular shape in a flow behind a shock wave with Mach numbers of 0.5–1.5 and Reynolds numbers of 10⁵ typical of dust explosions are obtained. It is found that the values of drag of a nonspherical bluff body and a sphere under these conditions are similar and exceed the drag of a sphere in a steady flow by a factor of 2 to 3.Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 81–88, January–February, 2005.     

A型地铁空调系统及客室内流场数值分析

为给目前国内A型地铁车辆的舒适度设计提供理论参考,针对地铁车辆静压风道结构特点,基于k-ε两方程湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,建立包含空调送风风道和客室的三维计算模型.对计算模型的空气流动和传热状况进行CFD数值计算.计算过程综合考虑车体壁面传热和人体散热等多种传热.分析计算结果得到客室内温度场和速度场的分布规律,并对空调通风设计方案进行量化评估.计算结果表明:客室内人体头部区域温度场分布均匀,平均温度为26.6℃,最大温差为6℃;车厢内有较理想的气流组织形式,速度分布范围为0.50~0.79 m/s,而且客室端部和中部区域人体头部周围速度较大.将计算结果与欧洲EN 14750-1标准进行对比分析,认为乘客的舒适性较好.     

安全关键系统的栈空间分析研究

由于存储空间异常引起的系统故障,系统开发或维护人员很难从失效特征直接判断到根原因。另外,存储空间异常通常会引起整个系统崩溃,对于安全关键系统,如航空电子系统,系统的失效往往会引起坠机或人员伤亡,因此,对安全关键系统的空间分析显得尤为重要。由于系统栈空间的分析涉及系统动态运行状态,在程序的任意点都有可能被中断服务程序或实时操作系统的其它任务中断。此外系统的栈分析需要基于目标码等特性,再次增加了对于系统栈空间分析的难度。本文从栈空间分析的必要性出发,提出一种综合中断抢占图的栈分析理论和方法,并就安全关键系统如何保证栈空间使用的确定性进行论述。最后,就安全关键软件系统FCOS的栈空间分析过程进行详细的阐述。     

在文明寨地区的高精度地震资料处理实践

文明寨地区构造复杂，断块多，岩性变化大，一些地质问题不明，需要高精度三维资料处理来提高资料的纵、横向分辨率^[1][2]及为储层、油藏研究提供精确的依据。针对东濮文明寨地区高精度处理过程中的关键技术进行了大量分析试验，形成了一套适合东濮地区的较为完整的3D高精度地震资料处理流程。实际资料处理表明效果较好。     

Experimental Simulation of the Reactor Section of Fluid Cokers: Comparison of FCC and Fluid Coke Particles

The hydrodynamics of fluid cokers were studied in a pressurized fully cylindrical cold model of diameter 483 mm, geometrically and dynamically scaled down by a factor of ～20 from commercial units. Differential pressure fluctuations, voidage distributions, solids momentum flux distributions and steady state gas mixing behaviour in the reactor section are compared for the same operating conditions with two kinds of particles, FCC and fluid coke. The voidage distributions and core‐annular flow structures in the reactor section were similar enough that either FCC or fluid coke particles can be used for cold modelling of fluid cokers.     

磺酸型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

以壬基酚、1,4-二溴丁烷和氯磺酸为主要原料,通过三步反应合成了新型的磺酸型Gemini表面活性剂9BA-4-9BA,讨论了合成反应时间、温度以及催化剂对产物纯度和产率等因素的影响,优化了反应过程。利用核磁共振谱和红外光谱表征了产物结构,并通过DCTA21表面/界面张力仪测试其水溶液中的表面张力。和传统表面活性剂相比,合成的Gemini表面活性剂9BA-4-9BA具有更高的表面活性,其临界胶束浓度和C20分别为6.2×10-4mol/L和1.1×10-5mol/L。     

应用电导探针测定固－液两相流的局部速度

研制了用于测定固－液两相流液相局部速度的双电极电导探针，并在０．７５ｍ×０．７５ｍ×１ｍ方形固－液搅拌槽内测定了叶轮排出流区的速度分布。