基于边状态枚举计算多状态网络可靠度动态界

为降低计算多状态网络可靠度的复杂性,综合考虑网络中具有多态性的边处于各中间状态的概率及从某中间状态转换到相邻状态对网络性能的影响,提出了一种基于边状态枚举计算多状态网络可靠度上下界的算法.该算法首先令网络中各边仅取完全工作和完全失效两种状态,将处于中间状态的概率分别叠加到完全工作和完全失效状态的概率上,得到可靠度上下界的初始值;而后按照对可靠度影响递减的顺序迭代枚举边的中间状态,通过集合间的比较,计算可靠度上下界的改变值,同时获得不断减小的可靠度上界和不断增加的可靠度下界,使其最终收敛于可靠度精确值.该算法不需提前求取网络d-最小割(路)集,且枚举较少的网络状态即可得到紧凑的可靠度上下界.相关引理的证明及算例分析验证了该算法的正确性和有效性.     

Near surface flaw detection by ultrasonic critical angle imaging

Acoustic critical angle measurements usually involve broad beam or global isonification of a water-solid interface. In order to obtain local interface data, it is convenient to use a focused acoustic source with lens axis at incident angle and point-receiver at specular reflection angle . By scanning this combination at various critical angles (=_crit), interface waves are generated locally near the lens focus. These waves penetrate the solid to a depth of approximately one shear wavelength _T and are modulated by discontinuities such as flaws, inclusions, and debonds that may be present there. A radiated longitudinal wave in water accompanies these modulated interface waves and carries information on subsurface flaws to the point-detector along the direction of a specularly reflected wave. By scanning the focus-receiver combination along the interface, the receiver output may be used to form images of local subsurface detail. We show that in anisotropic materials, such as crystals, there are generally two different _crit where a radiating interface wave provides subsurface information. We also discuss special problems associated with the use of a focused acoustic source including nonlinear effects (generation of harmonics) in the water.     

Shear viscosity of the binary liquid mixture 3-methylpentane + nitroethane near the consolute point

Shear viscosity measurements of a mixture of 3-methylpentane and nitroethane at the critical concentration are presented in the temperature range 0.005 KT–T _c13.93 K, where T _c is the consolute or critical temperature. The data agree with earlier measurements.     

聚丙烯固相接枝苯乙烯和丙烯酸乙酯的研究

用固相接枝共聚方法制备聚丙烯（PP）接枝聚苯乙烯（PP-g-PS)和聚丙烯接枝聚丙烯酸乙酯（PP-g-PEA)，考察了引发剂浓度、反应温度、反应时间与单体种类对接枝反应的影响，对接枝改性的PP进行结构和热分析表征，并用接枝功能化的聚丙烯做增容剂，研究了其对纳米SiO2/PP复合材料力学性能的影响。力学性能研究表明：低含量接枝聚丙烯的存在可使SiO2/PP复合材料的韧性大幅提高。     

ESTIMATION OF THEMAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR LIQUIDS BASED ON THE LAW OF CORRESPONDING STATE

1 INTRODUCTIONThe p-V-T relation of liquids can be represented not only by equations of state,but alsoby the following three partial differentials: α=(V/T)_p/V (1) β=-(V/p)_T/V (2) γ=(p/T)_V (3)Where p,V and T denote the pressure,volume and temperature of liquids;α,βand γ are thethermal expansion,isothermal compressibility and thermal pressure coefficient,respectively. Since the densities of liquids at various temperature and constant pressure can easily bemeasured by experiments,values of α can be obtained easily.If the values of.γ can beestimated,then values of β can be acquired from the following equation:     

A RIS treatment of the mean-square dipole moment of PMMA chains in consideration of the pendant ester group orientations

According to the six-state scheme proposed by Vacatello and Flory, the mean-square dipole moments 〈M²〉/x (x: number of monomeric units) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains and their temperature dependence were calculated by the matrix algebra method of rotational isomeric state theory. To take account of the orientation effect of polar ester groups, the statistical weight matrices, U′ and U″, were recast into an expanded form. A Bernoullian probability λ introduced to measure the preference between the two alternative orientations (χ=0 and χ=π) of the side ester groups was found to give rise to a large effect on the mean-square dipole moment of polymers. When the skeletal bonds of a meso dyad are both in trans, an exceptionally strong dipole-dipole interaction may take place. If the two adjacent ester groups adopt the same orientation, the dipoles must be situated nearly parallel to each other in a close proximity. Such repulsive interactions may be alleviated by taking a staggered conformation, i.e. (χ,χ′)=(0,π) or (π,0). Such neighbor-dependent correlation inherent to the meso dyad is considered by assigning a parameter λ′ to the proper element of the U_m″ matrix. The values of 〈M²〉/x observed at 30 °C were satisfactorily reproduced by adopting λ=0.270 and λ′=0.865. The thermal coefficients were found to be reconciled with the available experimental data by allowing the orientation parameters λ and λ′ to be slightly temperature dependent. The stereochemical characteristics of the chain terminals were examined in order to extend the treatment to include the dipole moment of PMMA oligomers.     

水溶性聚合物的低临界溶液温度

研究了Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺与丙烯酰胺及其它几种丙烯酰胺的衍生物的共聚物在水溶液中的溶解特性。     

试论健美操比赛的情绪

通过对运动员在竞赛心理因素中——“情绪”的表现进行探讨，分析了运动员在比赛中情绪变化的主要原因，提出了有效的调节方法，对指导健美操的训练、竞赛以及提高运动员的比赛成绩都具有重要意义。     

中国当代市民社会理论研究综述

市民社会理论于上世纪90年代被引入中国,但由于市民社会本身为中国传统所未有,所以中国市民社会的建构必然采取一种不同于西方的方式。根据对近一百五十年来中国社会变革的体认,中国的市民社会论者主张采取一种将洛克的社会先于或外于国家和黑格尔的国家先于市民社会这两种不同的架构进行调和,实现市民社会与国家良性互动的方式,以摆脱历史上的变革困局。同时中国学者对市民社会理念本身及其在应用于中国实践的有效性上也进行了反思,主张从实践出发的研究方式。在实践层面上,第三部门及其理论研究也都取得了长足的发展,但还存在着包括政府干预过多等困难。     

中部引嫩引水口枯水临界期来水量及引渠现状过流能力分析

随着嫩江干流尼尔基水库的建成,嫩江枯水临界期中引引水口来水量发生变化,通过分析确定可能发生的来水量,并结合引渠现状,提出可引水量处理办法.