多层建筑应急疏散仿真

以多层建筑为背景,研究应急疏散问题,基于改进的路径规划算法,并将多智能体技术应用在模型间的通信交流上.采用机器人感知周围环境,通过设置机器人个数以及初始位置,对灾情中室内被困人员进行智能搜救,并采集现场实时数据,作出决策分析.机器人实时感知现场状况的变化,引导人员疏散,并将实时数据传输给施救人员,采取进一步救援措施.结果表明,该三维仿真技术为有效减少人员疏散中的伤亡和最佳救援方案的制定提供了参考,具有一定的现实指导意义.     

Integration of Smoke Effect and Blind Evacuation Strategy (SEBES) within fire evacuation simulation

Many fire evacuation models have been proposed in recent years to better simulate such as an emergency situation. However most of them do not respect a recommendation of fire evacuation experts regarding the fact that evacuees should follow the boundaries of obstacles or wall to find the exits when their visibility is limited by smoke. This paper presents an agent-based evacuation model with Smoke Effect and Blind Evacuation Strategy (SEBES) which respects that recommendation by integrating a model of smoke diffusion and its effect on the evacuee’s visibility, speed, and evacuation strategy. The implementation of this model enables us to optimise the evacuation strategies taking into account the level of visibility. The obtained simulation results on a realistic model of the Metro supermarket of Hanoi confirm the important impact of smoke effect and blind evacuation strategy on the number of casualties.     

Phased evacuation: An optimisation model which takes into account the capacity drop phenomenon in pedestrian flows

Experiments have been performed to study pedestrian flow through bottlenecks under oversaturated conditions. The data underline a new phenomenon in pedestrian flows: when high-density conditions occur upstream of a bottleneck, the maximum capacity of the bottleneck (i.e. the maximum number of pedestrians that can flow through the bottleneck in a given time interval) can drop. This is referred to as “capacity drop” and should be carefully taken into account when dealing with building evacuation philosophy.     

Evacuation travel paths in virtual reality experiments for tunnel safety analysis

A case study on the analysis of evacuation travel paths in virtual reality (VR) tunnel fire experiments is presented to increase the understanding on evacuation behaviour. A novel method based on the study of the parametric equations of the occupants’ evacuation travel paths using vector operators inspired by functional analysis theory and the new concept of interaction areas (IAs) is introduced. IAs are presented and calculated in order to represent the distance of an occupant from a reference point (e.g., an emergency exit, the fire source, etc.) over time. The method allows comparisons of travel paths between experimental groups as well as comparisons with reference paths (e.g. user-defined paths, real-world paths, etc.). Results show that a common assumption employed by evacuation models (the use of a hypothetical path based on the shortest distance) may be an over-simplistic approximation of the evacuation paths.     

龙耀路越江隧道中智能消防疏散指示系统的应用

越江隧道为人员密集型场所,针对火灾消防逃生的需求,系统地介绍智能消防疏散指示系统。以龙耀路越江隧道为例,从系统设置、布线、工作方式和效果等角度阐述了该系统在越江隧道中的实际应用。     

一种微机控制的自动消防救灾技术

本文阐述了在火灾报警自动消防微机控制系统中实现救灾处理和紧急疏散广播功能的原理,并对其设计方法做了较为详细的介绍。     

基于智能体技术的人员群集流动动力学模型

目的运用计算机技术研究复杂的群集流动现象，设计和优化人员疏散系统．解决群集人员流动安全管理问题．方法吸取社会力模型中行人运动受到社会力支配的思想，综合考虑行人之间的相互影响，利用智能体技术，在人员流动行为规则的指导下，建立群集流动的微观动力学模型，借助自适应网格生成技术实现了人员群集流动的计算机模拟．结果对仅有一个出口的大房间和设有障碍的通道的人员疏散过程进行了模拟，模拟动画图像显示了人员流动过程中在流动通道瓶颈处的成拱现象及行人流避让和绕过障碍的现象．结论通过群集流动微观动力学模型并借助自适应网格生成技术，实现了对于人员群集流动状态及其演化过程的计算机模拟．提高了运算速度．表明本模型具有一定的适用性．     

老山自行车馆大厅自然排烟系统性能研究

采用性能化防火设计思想，分析老山自行车馆大厅的排烟系统所应达到的安全目标，设计了可能发生的火灾场景，使用CFD技术研究自然排烟系统的性能，通过数值模拟给出发生火灾时的流场和温度分布，证实大厅自然排烟系统能够保证人员安全疏散，满足该建筑消防安全要求。     

ASET-B: A room fire program for personal computers

ASET-B, a personal computer program for predicting the fire environment in a single room, is presented. ASET-B solves the same differential equations as the previously developed computer program, ASET (Available Safe Egress Time), using a simpler numerical technique. ASET-B requires as input the height and area of the room, the elevation of the fire above the floor, a heat loss factor, and a fire specified in terms of heat release rate. The program predicts the thickness and the temperature of the hot smoke layer as a function of time. ASET-B is written in BASIC and is not subject to copyright. This paper describes the program and its use. Included are a listing of the program, program variable name listing and a sample run. A discussion of user modifications also is given. Reference: William D. Walton, ASET-B: A Room Fire Program for Personal Computers,Fire Technology, Vol. 21, No. 4, November 1985, p. 293This paper is a contribution of the National Bureau of Standards and is not subject to copyright.     

场景监控中的人群密度估计

人群密度估计是智能化人群监控中十分重要的内容，它对于人民群众的生命安全有着重要的作用和意义。本文提出了一种基于小波变换与灰度共生矩阵的人群密度特征提取方法，进而利用支撑向量机实现人群密度级别的估计。实验结果表明本文提出的方法是可行的。