地铁车站疏散照明指示系统的引导作用研究

通过对元胞自动机模型的分析和改进,建立了适用于地铁车站人员应急疏散模型,在此基础上以西安市某地铁车站为实例进行研究,探讨了疏散照明指示在人员疏散过程中的引导作用。并运用疏散模拟软件分别进行了不同情景布设方式下的模拟仿真,得出了相应条件下的疏散人数与疏散时间关系曲线图,并对数据进行分析比较得出了相关结论以期能为地铁疏散照明指示系统的建设提供参考。     

Emergency preparedness as a continuous improvement cycle: Perspectives from a postacute rehabilitation facility.

Objectives: To describe the iterative process of emergency planning and preparedness: risk assessment, planning, rehearsal, implementation, and refinement. Design: A narrative reflection of two complete facility evacuations in advance of major hurricanes in 2005 (hurricane Rita) and 2008 (hurricane Ike) conducted by a postacute rehabilitation facility located on the Texas gulf coast. Participants: Facility staff involved in the evacuation and ongoing care post evacuation, and adults with moderate to severe acquired brain injury receiving residential postacute rehabilitation and long-term care services. Results: Experiences from two evacuations revealed that planning and preparation beyond what is required by licensing and accrediting agencies is necessary; attending to the needs of staff during and after and the emergency is a critical component of planning and preparedness; and the necessity of incorporating “lessons learned” into refinement of emergency preparedness plans. Conclusions: Facilities providing residential services to persons with neurological injury are potentially vulnerable to a number of natural and manmade disasters. Careful planning, preparation, and practice are necessary to ensure safe evacuation of persons served and facility personnel in response to an emergency. Experiences (i.e., “lessons learned”) from each evacuation, subsequent changes to emergency preparedness plans, and recommendations for emergency preparedness beyond a natural disaster, such as a hurricane, are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

含立管段的管道气顶排空实验研究

对含立管段的管道进行气顶排空实验研究,以空气和水为介质,利用高速摄像仪和数据采集仪对排空过程的气液流动参数进行测量,发现气顶排空过程类似于立管混输系统中严重段塞流的流动过程.对比了不同排气压力下立管出口气液混合物的流型、立管底部压力和立管压降变化特性.结果表明,排气压力较小时,立管出口气液混合物流型为分层流和段塞流;排...     

世博轴照明工程设计

介绍了世博轴照明工程设计过程中有关正常照明安全与节能、应急照明有效与可靠、景观照明理念与灵活等关键节点的设计思路。指出不同类型照明需有不同的设计视角和方法,希望能够为其他类似建筑照明设计提供参考。     

平顶山市高层建筑安全疏散技术研究

通过对平顶山市752栋高层建筑进行排查、调研,重点研究了逃生楼梯的宽度、数量、分布对人员疏散时间的影响,并采用计算机仿真技术模拟了不同场景下人员逃生情况。实验结果表明,逃生楼梯的数量与宽度均与疏散时间呈线性分布影响,可用疏散时间选取最佳契合点,而逃生楼梯的分布则优先选择部署在建筑物中部的方案,这样才能有效降低人员逃生的时间,提高逃生效率。此模拟数据可为建筑消防设计提供参考依据。     

高校教学楼人员疏散问题探讨

通过以某教学楼为研究对象,分析了教学楼安全疏散的重要性和必要性.主要从人员疏散设计中存在的疏散宽度不足、疏散距离过长等方面问题进行讨论.在保证人员安全疏散的前提下,就如何合理地进行人员疏散设计进行了深入探讨,以期达到安全性、经济性及合理性的最大统一.     

建筑物人员疏散逃生速度的数学模型

从人员在建筑物紧急疏散时同前后及左右人员拥挤对人员启动加速度的影响机理出发 ,建立了人员疏散动力学方程 ,并推导出人员在拥挤环境下的移动速度公式 ,得到人员移动速度与人员拥挤密度呈对数的关系 ,与前人观测数据基本吻合 .通过拟合分析表明前后人员的影响远大于侧向 .     

内外出口宽度对避难通道疏散能力的影响

目的 研究地下大空间建筑中不同内外出口宽度的疏散通道的疏散能力.方法 根据规范设置一个2000 m2的独立防火分区,并根据地下商场人员密度获得防火分区内的人数.在防火分区的两侧及中心分别布置不同宽度的避难通道,利用BuildingEXDOUS软件作为仿真工具模拟人员疏散时间.结果 在通道入口宽度基本一样的情况下,靠防火分区两侧布置的疏散通道比中心布置的疏散通道具有更大的疏散能力.避难通道入口个数和宽度对疏散时间影响很大,当内外出口的宽度比大于0.8以后,人员的疏散时间将趋于稳定,此时疏散时间受疏散通道疏散能力的限制.在走道内不发生拥堵时应适当加大避难通道入口的宽度以减少疏散时间.结论 在走道内不发生拥堵的情况下,应适当加大避难通道入口的宽度,甚至可以突破现行规范规定的“避难走道的净宽不应小于设计容纳人数最多的一个防火分区通向避难走道各安全出口最小净宽之和”这一要求.对避难通道入口的宽度、开口个数和布置位置进行优化设计可有效减少疏散时间,保证人员的安全疏散.     

Fire safety assessment of Open Wide Gangway underground trains in tunnels using coupled fire and evacuation simulation

A new type of train configuration, known as Open Wide Gangway (OWG) is becoming popular, particularly in underground environments. Previous fire modelling analysis demonstrated that the OWG configuration was considered safe as or safer than conventional configurations as it reduced the likelihood of flashover. However, these studies have ignored the impact on evacuation of the spread of fire effluent to non‐fire cars. Here we explore the fire safety offered by conventional and OWG configurations using coupled fire and evacuation modelling techniques. Two tunnel train situations are considered: one in which the car side doors are available for evacuation (train in a wide tunnel) and the other in which only the end cab doors are available (train in a narrow tunnel). Two population configurations are considered, fully and half loaded. Two ignition sources are also considered, one representing an accidental fire and the other an arson fire. The analysis demonstrates that while the OWG configuration may produce improved fire performance in the car of fire origin compared to the conventional configuration, if the interaction of the fire effluent with the evacuating passengers is considered, the OWG configuration results in a significantly greater number of casualties in virtually all the scenarios considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

学校教学楼的紧急疏散模型

为保证突发事故发生时人员在最短时间内能够安全撤离,以鞍山师范学院第二教学楼师生疏散为背景,考虑楼道宽度、教室人数等因素,建立双路线模型和四队补齐模型,根据学生逃生时间、速度及其他变量之间的关系,确定出安全疏散方案。将模型应用到第二教学楼,得到师生全部疏散最短时间为88s。