工艺参数对蛋白粉离心喷雾干燥质量问题的研究

蛋白粉在食品和工业领域得到广泛应用,使用传统的真空干燥制备蛋白粉的方法为间歇式生产,效率较低,且过程控制严格,片状的产品复水性差。随着国外设备的引进犤1犦,喷雾干燥工艺已应用于全蛋粉的生产,但是对蛋白粉喷雾工艺的研究目前还很少。本文在实验的基础上,对蛋白粉的离心喷雾干燥工艺、参数、质量评价指标进行了研究,提出了一些研究参数。     

复合酶解带鱼蛋白制备亚铁螯合多肽的工艺优化

以带鱼下脚料蛋白为原料,以水解度及亚铁螯合率为考察指标,采用碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及胃蛋白酶进行单一酶解筛选试验,然后进行复合酶解试验.采用二次正交旋转组合设计,以水解度及亚铁螯合率为指标,研究酶制剂种类、加酶方式、复合酶比例、总加酶量、酶解时间、pH值及温度对制备亚铁螯合多肽工艺的影响.综合考虑水解度和螯合率因素,最终确定复合酶解带鱼蛋白制备亚铁螯合多肽的最佳工艺条件为:总加酶量22 000 U/g,并以碱性蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶的酶活力配比4:6先后加入;酶解时间为碱性蛋白酶9h、木瓜蛋白酶8 h;pH值为碱性蛋白酶8.0、木瓜蛋白酶6.0;酶解温度为45℃.该条件下制备的带鱼蛋白亚铁螯合多肽产物水解度和螯合率分别为52.22％、82.31％.     

转谷氨酰胺酶及非肉蛋白对生煎调理鸭肉饼物性及感官的影响

为探究非肉蛋白和转谷氨酰胺酶（glutamine transaminase,TG）的添加量对鸭肉饼物性及感官的影响,以鸭胸肉为原料,通过单因素试验考察大豆分离蛋白、卵清蛋白、酪蛋白酸钠和TG添加量以及反应时间对生煎调理鸭肉饼质构和感官品质的影响,并利用响应面法优化工艺条件。结果表明：3 种蛋白和TG的添加量以及反应时间对鸭肉饼的硬度及感官均影响显著（P＜0.05）,3 种蛋白的添加比例为大豆分离蛋白、卵清蛋白、酪蛋白酸钠质量比5∶4∶2;加工生煎调理鸭肉饼的最佳工艺参数为TG添加量1.25%、反应时间155 min、反应温度4 ℃、复合蛋白添加量2.25%,所得产品硬度1 723.37 g、弹性0.83、咀嚼性1 683 g、胶着性2 036.40 g、黏聚性1.18、回复性0.49、感官评分41.23 分,产品硬度适宜,感官评价较好。     

荸荠中硒的赋存形态及分布研究

研究了湖北恩施所购买的荸荠中硒的赋存形态、分布及含硒大分子的提取分离技术。采用不同的浸提液提取荸荠中的蛋白质,水提取荸荠中的多糖,并测定它们的含量,用微波消化法消化,原子吸收分光法测各组分中的含硒量。结果表明,蛋白硒是荸荠中硒的主要赋存形态,其占总硒含量的50.45%;蛋白质组分中,以醇溶性蛋白质结合的硒量最多,占总硒含量的38.66%;也有部分硒和多糖结合。     

The effects of physical refining on the formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters in relation to palm oil minor components

The formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters in refined palm oil during deodorisation is attributed to the intrinsic composition of crude palm oil. Utilising D-optimal design, the effects of the degumming and bleaching processes on the reduction in 3-MCPD ester formation in refined palm oil from poor-quality crude palm oil were studied relative to the palm oil minor components that are likely to be their precursors. Water degumming remarkably reduced 3-MCPD ester formation by up to 84%, from 9.79 mg/kg to 1.55 mg/kg. Bleaching with synthetic magnesium silicate caused a further 10% reduction, to 0.487 mg/kg. The reduction in 3-MCPD ester formation could be due to the removal of related precursors prior to the deodorisation step. The phosphorus content of bleached palm oil showed a significant correlation with 3-MCPD ester formation.     

改性乳清蛋白体外抗氧化特性

以木糖、葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖和乳清蛋白为美拉德反应原料,按照一定比例进行湿热糖基化反应。结果表明:在湿热糖基化反应后,6种糖类与乳清蛋白复合物在420 nm和294 nm处的吸光值差异显著(P<0.05);除乳清蛋白-蔗糖复合物外,其他5种乳清蛋白糖基复合物的游离氨基酸含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。除了乳清蛋白-蔗糖复合物外,其他5种乳清蛋白糖基化复合物随浓度的增加,还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力都有所提高,其中乳清蛋白-木糖复合物的抗氧化能力提高最大,而且SDS-PAGE显示乳清蛋白-木糖复合物反应后分子质量明显增大;傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结果显示,乳清蛋白-木糖和乳清蛋白-葡萄糖复合物中蛋白质的酰胺I和II明显减少。     

酶解对乳清蛋白抗原性影响的研究

研究了酶解对乳清蛋白抗原性的影响。选择了7种常见蛋白酶在同一水解模式下水解乳清蛋白，用竞争ELISA法测定水解物的残留抗原性，从而间接测定其过敏性变化。结果表明，酶解能有效降低乳蛋白抗原性，但水解物仍能与特异抗体反应，保留一部分抗原性。不同酶对乳清蛋白过敏原的影响不同，酶的特异性对乳清蛋白水解物的抗原性有较大的影响，碱性蛋白酶降低乳蛋白抗原性的效果最佳，对抗β-乳球蛋白（β-LG）和抗α-乳白蛋白（α-LA）抗体的抗原性分别降低了50．02％和99．72％。     

Amino acid supplementation of calf milk replacers containing plasma protein

We determined the effects of calf milk replacers containing 0, 5, or 10% bovine plasma protein (PP), either without or with the supplemental amino acids (AA) Ile and Thr, on growth and health of male Holstein calves (n = 104) for 56 d. Milk replacers were formulated to contain 22% crude protein (CP), 20% fat, and 2.0% Lys. Milk replacers (12.5% solids) were fed at a rate of 1.5% of body weight (BW) on a dry matter basis during wk 1 and 1.75% of BW beginning on d 8. Starter was introduced on d 36 so that effects of PP and AA balance in milk replacers could be isolated. Intake, respiratory scores, and fecal scores were measured daily. Body weight and stature were measured weekly and blood serum samples were obtained during wk 4. Treatments had no effects on intakes of dry matter, CP, or metabolizable energy. During wk 6 and 8, BW was less as PP inclusion increased without AA supplementation compared with the other treatments. In wk 7, calves fed the higher level of PP without AA had lower BW than calves fed either the lower level of PP without supplemented AA or the higher inclusion of PP with supplemented AA. Average daily gain and gain:feed were lowest for calves fed the higher inclusion of PP without supplemented AA; heart girth in wk 7 was smallest for those calves. During the first 21 d, occurrence of scours was greater in calves fed the control milk replacer than in calves fed milk replacers containing the higher inclusion of PP either without or with supplemental AA. Occurrence of scours was also greater for the lower inclusion of PP compared with the higher inclusion of PP when AA were supplemented. Throughout the 56-d experiment, the chance of antibiotic treatment was greater for calves fed the control milk replacer than for all other treatments except the higher inclusion of PP without supplemental AA. Additionally, chance of antibiotic treatment was greater for the higher inclusion of PP without supplemental AA than for other milk replacers with PP. Calves fed treatments with the higher inclusion of PP had fewer days of scours than the controls. All milk replacers with PP, except the milk replacer containing higher PP without supplemental AA, had fewer days of treatment with antibiotics compared to the all-milk control. Inclusion of PP provided similar performance and improved health as long as milk replacers were balanced for Ile and Thr.     

酶解泥鳅蛋白制备小分子肽的工艺研究

以泥鳅为原料,酶解泥鳅蛋白制备小分子肽。运用响应面分析法优化泥鳅蛋白酶解的工艺条件,探讨了泥鳅蛋白酶解过程中液料比、酶解温度、酶解时间对多肽得率的影响。结果表明,泥鳅蛋白酶解的工艺条件为:液料比1.3、酶解温度57℃、时间9.42h,肽的得率为36.3%(模型预测值为36.37%)。通过OriginPro7.0软件计算,在显著性水平P>0.05下,预测值与实际值无显著不同,表明运用响应面分析法优化泥鳅蛋白酶解工艺条件是可行的。     

温度、水份对大豆组织化蛋白物理性能的影响

本研究以冷榨豆饼为原料,在小型单螺杆挤压机（ＦＭ－７０）上,研究了温度和水分对组织蛋白产品的物理性能的影响。综合质量考虑。２００℃、１０：１３料水比为最佳工艺参数。