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排序方式: 共有8185条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
991.
Bin‐Bin Yu Min Liao Yudong Zhu Xusheng Zhang Zheng Du Zhixin Jin Di Liu Yiyu Wang Teresa Gatti Oleg Ageev Zhubing He 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(24)
As the most promising lead‐free branch, tin halide perovskites suffer from the severe oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+, which results in the unsatisfactory conversion efficiency far from what they deserve. In this work, by facile incorporation of methylammonium bromide in composition engineering, formamidinium and methylammonium mixed cations tin halide perovskite films with ultrahighly oriented crystallization are synthesized with the preferential facet of (001), and that oxidation is suppressed with obviously declined trap density. MA+ ions are responsible for that impressive orientation while Br‐ ions account for their bandgap modulation. Depending on high quality of the optimal MA0.25FA0.75SnI2.75Br0.25 perovskite films, their device conversion efficiency surges to 9.31% in contrast to 5.02% of the control formamidinium tin triiodide perovskite (FASnI3) device, along with almost eliminated hysteresis. That also results in the outstanding device stability, maintaining above 80% of the initial efficiency after 300 h of light soaking while the control FASnI3 device fails within 120 h. This paper definitely paves a facile and effective way to develop high‐efficiency tin halide perovskites solar cells, optoelectronic devices, and beyond. 相似文献
992.
993.
无定形碳酸钙在具有多级结构和优异力学性能的碳酸钙矿物的形成过程中起着至关重要的作用。生物体可以非常精确地调控无定形碳酸钙的结晶转化过程,而化学合成的无定形碳酸钙通常很不稳定。因此,从化学的角度研究无定形碳酸钙的稳定机理以及无定形碳酸钙结晶转化过程,对于理解以无定形物相为前驱体的生物矿物形成过程具有非常重要的意义。综述了无定形碳酸钙的本征特性,以及环境因素和添加剂对其稳定性和结晶转化的影响,阐述了无定形碳酸钙在晶体生长过程中的作用,讨论了该领域对材料结构和特性调控方面的启示。 相似文献
994.
为解决现有锂离子电池的安全性问题,固态电解质的研究备受关注。以Na2SiO3和AlCl3·6H2O为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出水铝英石(AL);通过溶液共混法将其与聚环氧乙烷/高氯酸锂(PEO/LiClO4)复合得到复合固态聚合物电解质。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及光学显微镜(OM)对样品进行结构分析及形貌表征。结果表明:水铝英石和LiClO4与PEO间的非价键力相互作用(络合、氢键及Lewis酸-碱作用)显著抑制PEO的结晶。随着水铝英石含量的增加,PEO的结晶度呈现出先降低后增加的趋势;而随着锂盐含量的增加,PEO的结晶度持续降低,当EO/Li+摩尔比为10∶1,水铝英石的含量为5%(质量分数)时,复合固态聚合物电解质的结晶度最低,仅为4.12%。 相似文献
995.
Paul A. Gabrys Leonardo Z. Zornberg Robert J. Macfarlane 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(26)
Decades of research efforts into atomic crystallization phenomenon have led to a comprehensive understanding of the pathways through which atoms form different crystal structures. With the onset of nanotechnology, methods that use colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) as nanoscale “artificial atoms” to generate hierarchically ordered materials are being developed as an alternative strategy for materials synthesis. However, the assembly mechanisms of NP‐based crystals are not always as well‐understood as their atomic counterparts. The creation of a tunable nanoscale synthon whose assembly can be explained using the context of extensively examined atomic crystallization will therefore provide significant advancement in nanomaterials synthesis. DNA‐grafted NPs have emerged as a strong candidate for such a “programmable atom equivalent” (PAE), because the predictable nature of DNA base‐pairing allows for complex yet easily controlled assembly. This Review highlights the characteristics of these PAEs that enable controlled assembly behaviors analogous to atomic phenomena, which allows for rational material design well beyond what can be achieved with other crystallization techniques. 相似文献
996.
利用微纳层叠共挤出装置成功制得EVA/PP原位微纤复合材料(MFCs),并对其微纤形态、力学性能、结晶性能和流变行为进行了研究。结果表明:PP在EVA中能够形成微纤,且随PP含量增加,直径较大的微纤数量显著增多,MFCs的储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″)都相应增大。且当PP含量低于10%(质量分数,下同)时,复合材料体系是部分相容的,但当PP含量超过10%时,体系发生相分离现象。PP微纤能够有效提高EVA的拉伸强度。当PP含量为20%时,拉伸强度最大,为16.71MPa,比纯EVA树脂提高了42.9%。差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试显示PP微纤会阻碍EVA的结晶行为,使MFCs的结晶度降低。 相似文献
997.
采用高温熔融法制备了具有不同MgO/Al2O3比的堇青石微晶玻璃。采用差热分析仪(DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试技术研究了MgO/Al2O3比对该系统玻璃分相和析晶的影响。结果表明:当SiO2含量不变时,随着MgO/Al2O3比的减小,分相形貌由连通的蠕虫状逐渐变为孤立的球形结构,且分相粒子尺寸逐渐减小,从200~300 nm减小至30~50 nm。当MgO/Al2O3比从3降到1,析晶峰温度由997 ℃升至1 105 ℃,析晶的难度逐渐提高。当MgO/Al2O3比为3时,MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃经950 ℃热处理后即产生大量分相,经1 050 ℃热处理后在分相液滴中析出大量堇青石晶体,且堇青石优先在富Mg相中析出。提高MgO/Al2O3比有利于MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃在分相中析晶,反之,则会降低系统的分相和析晶能力。 相似文献
998.
In Situ Growth of 120 cm2 CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystal Film on FTO Glass for Narrowband‐Photodetectors
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Hua‐Shang Rao Wen‐Guang Li Bai‐Xue Chen Dai‐Bin Kuang Cheng‐Yong Su 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(16)
Organometal trihalide perovskites have been attracting intense attention due to their enthralling optoelectric characteristics. Thus far, most applications focus on polycrystalline perovskite, which however, is overshadowed by single crystal perovskite with superior properties such as low trap density, high mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. In spite of the inherent advantages and significant optoelectronic applications in solar cells and photodetectors, the fabrication of large‐area laminar perovskite single crystals is challenging. In this report, an ingenious space‐limited inverse temperature crystallization method is first demonstrated to the in situ synthesis of 120 cm2 large‐area CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal film on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. Such CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite crystal film is successfully applied to narrowband photodetectors, which enables a broad linear response range of 10?4–102 mW cm?2, 3 dB cutoff frequency (f 3 dB) of ≈110 kHz, and high narrow response under low bias ?1 V. 相似文献
999.
采用熔融共混法制备了nano-ZnO/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,研究了相容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-gMAH)的加入对nano-ZnO/PP复合材料的成核结晶行为、晶体结构、结晶形态以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,低添加量(质量分数小于5%)的nano-ZnO对PP有较好的β晶成核效应,而当其质量分数大于5%时,nano-ZnO对PP结晶有明显的异相成核作用,使PP结晶温度大幅度提高,PP结晶在(040)晶面呈现生长择优性;PP-gMAH的加入增强了nano-ZnO粒子与PP基体之间的界面相互作用,改善了纳米粒子的分散性,促进了PP基体的异相成核,提高了nano-ZnO/PP复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度,但却抑制了nano-ZnO诱导PP生成β晶。nano-ZnO/PP复合材料体系中因界面相互作用改善所致的韧性提高明显强于nano-ZnO诱导PP形成β晶的增韧效应。 相似文献
1000.
《Advanced Powder Technology》2020,31(1):387-392
Particle/powder technology is used in the manufacture of many pharmaceutical products, and research on the physical properties of particles in the nano- to micro-particle range is important in the pharmaceutical field. The concept of precision medicine will require an increasing shift in pharmaceutical manufacturing toward the design of individualized products. This perspective article focuses on particle design and powder technology for advanced formulations that will be needed in the future for individualized drug formulations and on-demand production. Nanoparticles as drug carriers in drug delivery systems will require particle designs to meet the treatment requirements of individual patients with a particular disease. In pharmaceutical manufacturing, process intensification, such as continuous manufacturing and integrated drug production from drug synthesis to final formulation, has attracted increased attention. Digital design approaches, such as artificial intelligence based on computer-aided development, also will be increasingly used. Continuous production of pharmaceutical products enables downsizing of manufacturing equipment, and on-demand manufacturing equipment has been developed. In addition, additive manufacturing, such as 3D printing, is considered to be suitable for personalized formulations, and small-scale powder handling and predictive modeling of powder characterization will be important for individual preparations. 相似文献