φ1200氨合成增效反应器的应用

分析了当前中小氮肥厂合成氨工段出塔氨含量偏低的现象，提出用氨合成增效反应器来解决这一问题，并阐述了其应用前景。     

CO2-H2O和CO2-H2O-NaCl 体系的相平衡研究进展

To study the feasibility of CO2 geological sequestration,it is needed to understand the complicated mul- tiple-phase equilibrium and the densities of aqueous solution with CO2 and multi-ions under wide geological condi- tions（273.15—473.15K,0—60MPa）,which are also essential for designing separation equipments in chemical or oil-related industries.For this purpose,studies on the relevant phase equilibria and densities are reviewed and analyzed and the method to improve or modify the existing model is suggested in order to obtain more reliable predictions in a wide temperature and pressure range.Besides,three different models（the electrolyte non random two-liquid（ELECNRTL）,the electrolyte NRTL combining with Helgeson model（ENRTL-HG）,Pitzer activity coefficient model combining with Helgeson model（PITZ-HG））are used to calculate the vapor-liquid phase equilib- rium of CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems.For CO2-H2O system,the calculation results agree with the experimental data very well at low and medium pressure（0—20MPa）,but there are great discrepancies above 20MPa.For the water content at 473.15K,the calculated results agree with the experimental data quite well.For the CO2-H2O-NaCl system,the PITZ-HG model show better results than ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models at the NaCl concentration of 0.52mol·L ^-1 .Bur for the NaCl concentration of 3.997mol·L ^-1 ,using the ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models gives better results than using the PITZ-HG model.It is shown that available experimental data and the thermodynamic calculations can satisfy the needs of the calculation of the sequestration capacity in the temperature and pressure range for disposal of CO2 in deep saline aquifers.More experimental data and more accurate thermodynamic calculations are needed in high temperature and pressure ranges（above 398.15K and 31.5MPa）.     

空间晶体生长流体效应的实验研究和理论分析

在空间晶体生长实时观察装置上，利用溶液中形成的铌酸钾微晶作示踪粒子，首次在空间高温氧化物熔液内，实时观察和记录了空间表面和力对流效应。利用测量的结果计算了熔体内空间表面张力对流的速度场，并与地面表面张力对流的速度场进行了对比，理论计算与实验结果基本吻合。探讨了空间均匀分布铌酸钾微晶的形成机理。结果表明：表面张务对流在空间晶体生长过程中起主要作用，是形成均匀分布胞状晶体的主要机理。     

常温高效除油清洗剂的制备与应用研究

研制出了一种去油污能力强，可室温使用，综合效果较好的新型高效常温除油清洗剂     

Interfacial tension of demixed polymer solutions near the critical temperature: polystyrene + methylcyclohexane

Interfacial tension between demixed solutions of polystyrene + methylcyclohexane has been measured near the critical temperature as a function of temperature using polystyrenes with molecular weights 9000 ～ 1.26 × 10⁶. The critical exponent for the interfacial tension was determined to be about 1.30 for the lower molecular weight systems. However, for higher molecular weights the exponent could not be obtained because the system departed from critical behaviour. Magnitudes of the interfacial tension were proportional to about N^?0.44, where N is the polymerization index. Experimental results were compared with the recently-proposed theories and found to be in qualitative agreement. The tricritical theory of polymer solutions was also compared with the experimental results.     

Melting,nonisothermal crystallization behavior and morphology of polypropylene/random ethylene—propylene copolymer blends

The melting, nonisothermal crystallization behavior and morphology of blends of polypropylene (PP) with random ethylene–propylene copolymer (PP‐R) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that PP and PP‐R were very miscible and cocrystallizable. Modified Avrami analysis was used to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the blends. The values of the Avrami exponent indicated that the crystallization nucleation of the blends was heterogeneous, the growth of the spherulites was tridimensional, and the crystallization mechanism of PP was not affected by PP‐R. The crystallization activation energy was estimated using the Kissinger method. An interesting result was obtained with the modified Avrami analysis and the Kissinger method, whose conclusions were in good agreement. The addition of a minor PP‐R phase favored an increase in the overall crystallization rate of PP. Maximum enhancing effect wass found to occur with a PP‐R content of 20 wt %. The relationship between the composition and the morphology of the blends is discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 670–678, 2006     

Influence of titanium dioxide on crystallization behavior of an ethylene–propylene copolymer

Crystallization of an ethylene–propylene copolymer (E/P) filled with diverse weight percentages of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was performed under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions to investigate the influence of the inorganic substance on the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the matrix. The overall and radial crystallization rates of the composite materials were measured using, respectively, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The nucleation density of E/P spherulites as a function of composition was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing a nucleating effect of TiO₂. A comparison between the spherulitic texture of specimens showed a higher fineness of the composites relative to the neat matrix, whereas no changes of surface nucleation density were appreciable among composites within the explored compositional range. The thermal behavior is discussed in the light of the enhanced thermal conductivity of polymer composites, which conciliates the crystallization kinetics of the matrix, analyzed using the Avrami equation, to optical and SEM observations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3409–3416, 2003     

高压蒸汽管道保温研究

计算了不同管径和保温厚度下蒸汽管道输送高压蒸汽的热损失和温度降。结果表明:保温厚度越大,蒸汽的热损失越小、温度降越小;保温材料导热系数与蒸汽的热损失呈正比;环境温度越高,蒸汽的热损失越小;环境风速对热损失的影响不大。同时研究了保温材料选择和保温结构对节能的影响。     

From surface science to catalysis: Surface “explosions” observed on Rh crystals and supported catalysts

Phenomena called surface explosions have been reported for decomposition reactions on single crystals, and have been identified by the use of desorption methods. In particular, in TPD, they are manifested by extremely narrow peaks (as little as 3 K in width) and a desorption rate which increases with time in isothermal experiments. In this paper we report such observations for acetate species on Rh single crystals, but extend this to show for the first time that such effects are not restricted to single crystal/UHV experiments, but can also be found on a Rh/Al₂O₃ catalyst under ambient pressure conditions. These reactions can be classified as second order autocatalytic surface processes, where free surface Rh sites are an essential component of the reaction. It is shown that coadsorbed adatoms are also essential for such explosions to be seen and their role is proposed to be that of a template layer acting to order the acetate in self-poisoning configurations.     

Temperature dependence of the zero-shear melt viscosity of oligomeric epoxy resins

The melt viscosities of a homologous series of five epoxy resins based on bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin have been measured over a wide range of temperatures. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the zero-shear viscosity can be well described by the three-parameter Vogel equation. The Vogel parameters B and T_o were found to increase with increasing glass transition temperature, T_g, of the resin, while the ratios $\text{B}\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>g</mtext>}}$ and $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>g</mtext>}}$ remained approximately constant. This constancy of the reduced Vogel parameters implies that T_g can be used as a corresponding states parameter to superimpose the viscosity-temperature data of all five resins onto a single master curve. The existence of such a master curve is of practical use, as it enables melt viscosities of epoxy resins to be predicted over a fairly extensive temperature range from only two quantities, viz. the value of T_g and one single viscosity value at a given temperature.