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41.
Fatigue at high temperature is a complex phenomenon as it is influenced by a number of time-dependent processes which become
important at elevated temperatures. These processes include creep, oxidation, phase instabilities and dynamic strain ageing
(DSA), acting either independently or synergistically influence fatigue behaviour, often lowering the fatigue life. Current
design approaches employ linear summation of fatigue and creep damage with suitable factors on permissible damage to take
care of uncertainties in interaction between cyclic and time-dependent processes. It is, therefore, important to develop a
deeper understanding of the processes that occur during high temperature fatigue so that realistic life predictions could
be made.
Results on the high temperature fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steels, ferritic steels and nickel base alloys are
presented here. The important mechanisms of interaction of high temperature time-dependent processes with fatigue under various
conditions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on cyclic stress response, fatigue life, deformation substructure and
fracture behaviour. This is followed by a review of important life prediction techniques under combined creep-fatigue loading
conditions. Life prediction techniques considered here include linear damage summation, strain range partitioning, ductility
exhaustion approach, frequency modified and frequency separation methods, techniques based on hysteresis energy and damage
rate models, and methods based on crack-cavitation interation models. 相似文献
42.
Water-level change is integral to the structure and function of Great Lakes coastal wetlands, and many studies document predictable relationships between vegetation and water level. However, anthropogenic stressors, such as invasive species, land-use change, and water-level stabilization, interact to shift the historical cycle (of native vegetation migration up- and down-slope) toward dominance by invasive Typha species. Knowing from earlier studies that water-level stabilization alters the historical vegetation cycle, we asked if similar shifts can occur where water levels are not stabilized. Using historical aerial photographs of three coastal wetlands (in Lake Michigan's Green Bay, Wisconsin), we determined that habitat dominated by Typha species has expanded to eliminate wet meadow habitat. Between 1974 and 1992, linear regressions showed strong, significant relationships of both meadow area (R2 ≥ 0.894; p < 0.02) and marsh area (R2 ≥ 0.784; p < 0.05) to water level in all three wetlands. In 2000, meadow area was below that predicted by the historical pattern due to the landward advance of marsh habitat during a year of decreasing water levels. In the same period, land use in the wetland watersheds converted from agriculture to urban. Urbanization and the replacement of native Typha latifolia by the invasive hybrid Typha xglauca may have overwhelmed the beneficial impact of water-level fluctuation. The documentation of vegetation shifts, as herein, is an essential step in the process of preserving and restoring ecological integrity. 相似文献
43.
CDC15, an essential cell cycle gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encodes a protein kinase domain 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
The cell division cycle gene CDC15 is essential for the late nuclear division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The amino acid sequence of the 974 amino acids/110 kDa CDC15 gene product, as deduced from the nucleotide sequence, includes an aminoterminal protein kinase domain which contains a primary sequence mosaic showing patterns specific for protein serine/threonine kinases besides those for protein tyrosine kinases. Many protein kinases non-essential for growth are known. CDC15 represents an essential protein kinase like CDC7 and CDC28. A carboxyterminal deletion of 32 amino acids renders the protein inactive. 相似文献
44.
柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系沉积环境演变及其石油地质意义 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
柴达木盆地北缘(柴北缘)东段大煤沟剖面侏罗系沉积层序发育完整。下侏罗统岩性以细砾岩、细—粉砂岩与炭质泥岩和页岩的不等厚互层为特征,其中大煤沟组一、二段与辫状河三角洲平原相关的湖沼相炭质泥页岩较发育,多含叶肢介、双壳类和植物等静水环境生物化石,沉积环境为辫状河三角洲—滨浅湖体系;由3个中期基准面升降旋回构成1个长期旋回。中侏罗统厚层河流—冲积相砂砾岩较发育,化石面貌以介形虫和植物为主,沉积环境为扇三角洲—滨浅湖体系,中上部发育较深湖相沉积;由9个中期基准面升降旋回构成1个长期旋回。不同时期和地区的化石与岩相分布特征反映侏罗纪沉积中心由西向东迁移。构造活动和气候是沉积环境的主要影响因素,但前者起重要的控制作用。早侏罗世潮湿气候下的辫状河三角洲平原为柴北缘提供了重要的生烃母质,但中侏罗世中晚期半干旱气候更有利于形成高品质的烃源岩。图5表1参18 相似文献
45.
本文介绍以MAX038为基础而研制的宽频带函数波形产生器,它可以产生2 ̄2×^7Hz频率范围的正弦波、三角波、锯齿波和矩形波以及与它们同步的TTL脉冲信号。 相似文献
46.
对AB5型LaxMm1-x(NiMnSiAlFe)49(x=0,0.45,0.75,1.00,摩尔分数)贮氢合金进行了快淬处理,研究了La含量及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响.结果表明:La含量的增加对铸态合金的循环稳定性没有明显影响,但使快淬态合金的循环稳定性下降,且快淬处理能显著提高合金的循环稳定性.当La替代量从0增加到1.00时,经300次充放循环后,铸态合金的容量保持率(Rh)从59.2%增加到59.8%;16 m/s淬速快淬态合金的容量保持率从83.9%下降到65.0%.对于x=0.45的合金,当淬速从0(铸态被定义为淬速等于0)增加到28 m/s时,容量保持率从59.8%增加到75.8%. 相似文献
47.
Magdalena Misiura Tomasz Guszczyn Ilona Oscilowska Weronika Baszanowska Jerzy Palka Wojciech Miltyk 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(2)
Although the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in tissue regeneration has been confirmed in many studies, the mechanism of this process is still not fully understood. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells were used as an experimental model for studies on the effects of PRP on cell proliferation, migration, collagen biosynthesis, prolidase activity, and its expression and anabolic signaling. The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), β1-integrin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) by PRP were investigated by western blot and immunocytochemistry. It has been found that PRP induced keratinocytes migration and proliferation through activation of cell cycle progression and EGFR downstream signaling. Similar biological effects were achieved by an addition to the culture medium of prolidase (PEPD), a ligand of EGFR (PRP is a rich source of PEPD–2 ng/mL). PRP-dependent stimulation of collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by an increase in the expression of NF-κβ, IGF-1R-downstream signaling proteins, and PEPD activity. The data suggest that PRP activates a complex of growth factors and adhesion receptors that stimulate cell proliferation, migration, and collagen biosynthesis. PRP induces PEPD-dependent human keratinocyte proliferation through activation of the EGFR receptor. Our study provides a novel mechanism of PRP-dependent wound healing. 相似文献
48.
Charlotte Bussienne Roland Marquet Jean-Christophe Paillart Serena Bernacchi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in eukaryotes since they finely regulate numerous mechanisms used to diversify the protein functions and to modulate their signaling networks. Besides, these chemical modifications also take part in the viral hijacking of the host, and also contribute to the cellular response to viral infections. All domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag precursor of 55-kDa (Pr55Gag), which is the central actor for viral RNA specific recruitment and genome packaging, are post-translationally modified. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about HIV-1 Pr55Gag PTMs such as myristoylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, methylation, and ISGylation in order to figure out how these modifications affect the precursor functions and viral replication. Indeed, in HIV-1, PTMs regulate the precursor trafficking between cell compartments and its anchoring at the plasma membrane, where viral assembly occurs. Interestingly, PTMs also allow Pr55Gag to hijack the cell machinery to achieve viral budding as they drive recognition between viral proteins or cellular components such as the ESCRT machinery. Finally, we will describe and compare PTMs of several other retroviral Gag proteins to give a global overview of their role in the retroviral life cycle. 相似文献
49.
Nadine Kretschmer Antje Hufner Christin Durchschein Katrin Popodi Beate Rinner Birgit Lohberger Rudolf Bauer 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and accounts for about three quarters of all skin cancer deaths. Especially at an advanced stage, its treatment is challenging, and survival rates are very low. In previous studies, we showed that the constituents of the roots of Onosma paniculata as well as a synthetic derivative of the most active constituent showed promising results in metastatic melanoma cell lines. In the current study, we address the question whether we can generate further derivatives with optimized activity by synthesis. Therefore, we prepared 31, mainly novel shikonin derivatives and screened them in different melanoma cell lines (WM9, WM164, and MUG-Mel2 cells) using the XTT viability assay. We identified (R)-1-(1,4-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-enyl 2-cyclopropyl-2-oxoacetate as a novel derivative with even higher activity. Furthermore, pharmacological investigations including the ApoToxGloTM Triplex assay, LDH assay, and cell cycle measurements revealed that this compound induced apoptosis and reduced cells in the G1 phase accompanied by an increase of cells in the G2/M phase. Moreover, it showed hardly any effects on the cell membrane integrity. However, it also exhibited cytotoxicity against non-tumorigenic cells. Nevertheless, in summary, we could show that shikonin derivatives might be promising drug leads in the treatment of melanoma. 相似文献
50.
为了研究焊接细节对钢结构超低周疲劳性能的影响,以T型接头为对象,在通用有限元程序Abaqus平台上,开发基于Arlequin算法的结构多尺度计算程序. 利用多尺度算法,开展焊接接头的局部弹塑性有限元分析. 比较焊趾半径、厚钢板未熔透长度及焊趾表面凹凸对局部塑性应变履历的影响,利用Coffin-Manson模型对T型接头的超低周疲劳特性进行定性讨论. 数值计算结果表明,焊趾位置是焊接接头的超低周疲劳易损位置,厚钢板的未熔透长度对焊接部位局部塑性应变的影响不大;焊趾半径对焊趾局部塑性应变有较大的影响,增大焊趾半径可以有效提升钢结构在循环荷载下的超低周疲劳性能;焊趾表面的平整性是影响焊趾局部塑性应变履历的重要因素,尖锐的凹坑会明显降低焊接接头的超低周疲劳性能,磨平的焊趾表面可以减少局部塑性应变,提高接头的超低周疲劳强度. 相似文献