Theoretical analysis on bending behavior of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites

Ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) obviously show strain hardening property under tensile or bending loading. The failure pattern of the UHTCC components exhibits multiple fine cracks under uniaxial tensile loading with prominent tensile strain capacity in excess of 3%, with merely 60 μm average crack width even corresponding to the ultimate tensile strain state. The approach adopted is based on the concept of functionally-graded concrete, where part of the concrete, which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a RC (reinforced concrete) member, is strategically replaced with UHTCC with excellent crack-controlling ability. Investigations on bending behavior of functionally-graded composite beam crack controlled by UHTCC has been carried out, including theo- retical analysis, experimental research on long composite beams without web reinforcement, validation and comparison between experimental and theoretical results, and analysis on crack control. In addition to improving bearing capacity, the results indicate that functionally-graded composite beams using UHTCC has been found to be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage compared with RC beams. Therefore, durability and service life of the structure could be enhanced. This paper discusses the development of internal force and crack propagation during loading process, and presents analysis of the internal force in different stages, moment-curvature relationship from loading to damage and calculation of mid-span deflection and ductility index. In the end, the theoretical formulae have been validated by experimental results.     

集装箱板冷弯裂纹形成分析

针对广州珠江钢铁公司生产的厚规格集装箱板易在外弧面出现微裂纹的现象,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对其大量冷弯裂纹试样进行了观察和分析。结果表明,冷弯裂纹试样主要存在以下3种缺陷：距表层10～30μm处的皮下微裂纹、皮下链状夹杂物和表层氧化层与基体结合部位的残余元素（Cu、Ni、As）偏析,其中以皮下微裂纹缺陷的几率居多。     

Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis and Strength Evaluation of Adhesive Butt Joints of Similar and Dissimilar Hollow Shafts Subjected to External Bending Moments

Stress distributions and deformation of adhesive butt joints are analyzed by an elastoplastic finite element method when the joints of similar and dissimilar shafts are subjected to external bending moments. The effects of the ratio of Young's modulus for the adherends to that for an adhesive and the effects of the adhesive thickness on the interface stress distribution are investigated. Joint strength is predicted by using the elastoplastic interface stress distributions. It is found that the singular stress at the edge of the interfaces increases with an increase of the ratio of Young's modulus. Measurement of strains in joints and experiments on joint strength were conducted. The numerical results are in fairly good agreement with the experimental results. It is observed that the joint strength for dissimilar shafts are smaller than those for similar shafts. A fracture of dissimilar adhesive up-bonded shafts occurred from the interface of the adherend with smaller Young's modulus. It is seen that joint strength increases as the adhesive thickness increases.     

二氰基取代的四硫富瓦烯硫杂冠醚衍生物的合成及性质研究

在甲苯溶液中,在亚磷酸三乙酯存在下,采取高度稀释的方法,使4,5-二氰基-1,3-二硫杂环戊二烯-2-酮分别和多缩硫杂冠醚进行交叉偶联反应,成功地得到了不对称的2,3-二氰基四硫富瓦烯衍生物。用1HNMR、MSI、R和EA表征了其结构,并用循环伏安法研究了它们的电化学性质,用1HNMR初步评价了衍生物对钠离子的配合性能。     

Electromechanical behavior of hybrid carbon/glass fiber composites with tension and bending

To understand the smart (i.e., good memory) characteristics of hybrid composites of carbon fibers (CFs) and glass fibers (GFs) with epoxy resin as a matrix, the changes in the electrical resistance of composites with tension and on bending were investigated. The electrical resistance behavior of composites under tension changed with the composition of the CF/GF, as well as with the applied strain. The fractional electrical resistance increased slowly with increasing strain within a relatively low strain region. However, with further loading it increased stepwise with the strain according to the fracture of the CF layers. The strain sensitivity of the samples increased with increasing CF weight percentage, and the samples incorporating more than 40 wt % CF showed a strain sensitivity higher than 1.54 for a single CF. The changes in the fractional electrical resistance with bending were not so dominant as those with tension. This difference was attributed to the action of two cancelling effects, which are the increasing and decreasing fractional electrical resistance due to tension and compression with bending, respectively. On recovery from a large applied bending, the fractional electrical resistance decreased slowly with unloading because of the increase of contacts between the fibers that resulted from the reorganization of ruptured CFs during the recovery. Even the composites incorporating a relatively small CF content showed an irreversible electrical resistance with both tension and bending. However, the strain sensitivity being larger with tension than with bending is ascribed to the difference in their mechanical behaviors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2447–2453, 2002     

草酸电还原制备乙醇酸

用循环伏安法确定了草酸可以还原为乙醇酸,证明了从草酸研制乙醇酸的可行性。工艺采用以铅电极作阴极材料的阳离子交换膜电解槽,电解草酸制备乙醇酸,并以电流密度、电量、温度和电解液的流速作了四因素四水平的正交实验,得出最佳工艺条件为电流密度1400A/m2,电量1 7F/mol,温度40℃,电解液流速0 15m/s,产率达88%以上。     

Cyclic alkanes as geochemical markers in coal liquefaction products

Branched-chain/cyclic alkanes have been obtained, by solvent extraction and molecular-sieve adsorption, from a UK low-temperature (Rexco) coal tar, a USA fluidized-bed pyrolysis (FMC COED) coal tar, and a novel supercritical-gas-extract of a Turkish (Elbistan) lignite. Mass spectrometry (with gas chromatography and field-desorption) established the presence of mono-, di (including sesquiterpanes), tri-, tetra- (steranes only), and pentacyclic (triterpanes only) alkanes, including several steranes and triterpanes not previously reported as coal-tar constituents. The potential of cyclic alkanes as geochemical markers, even for commercial coal products subjected to appreciable heat treatment, is demonstrated by the identification of C₁₂, C₁₃, C₁₅ and C₁₆ dicyclics (including isoprenoid alkanes), C₁₇-C₂₆ tricyclics, and C₂₇ and C₂₉ hopane-type pentacyclics (triterpanes) in FMC, and of C₁₆-C₃₈ monocyclics, C₃₄-C₃₆ dicyclics, C₂₂-C₃₆ tricyclics, C₂₇-C₃₀ tetracyclics (steranes), and C₂₇, C₂₉, C₃₀, C₃₁, C₃₂, and C₃₃ hopane-type pentacyclics (triterpanes) in Rexco tar. Tetra- and pentacyclic alkanes were also preserved in the lignite extract.     

Kinetically controlled siloxane ring-opening polymerization

Some basic aspects of the kinetics and mechanisms of anionic and cationic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic siloxanes are discussed in connection with their use in polymer synthesis. The emphasis is put on the polymerization of strained ring monomers, such as cyclic trisiloxanes, since these provide the possibility of tailoring the polymer structure. Much attention is devoted to association phenomena and to oligomer formation processes.This review is from the Second International Topical Workshop, Advances in Silicon-Based Polymer Science.     

局部超挖对悬臂排桩基坑支护体系安全性能的影响

由局部超挖引发基坑大范围破坏的工程事故时有发生,但局部超挖对基坑整体安全性能的影响及其引发连续破坏的机理尚仍缺乏研究。以悬臂排桩支护的长条形基坑为例,采用模型试验和有限差分法对基坑局部超挖引起的荷载传递规律进行探索。结果表明:随着超挖深度的增大,由于土拱效应,超挖区外支护桩内力大幅增长,而超挖区内支护桩桩身弯矩先增加后降低或持续降低;大面积开挖深度相同时,随着局部超挖范围增大,邻近支护桩桩身弯矩与位移增幅逐渐增大并趋于稳定。研究成果初步揭示了局部超挖对支护桩内力的影响等荷载传递规律,可为防超挖引发基坑连续破坏研究和局部深坑设计提供参考。     

多腔钢管混凝土分叉柱力学性能有限元分析

为研究异形截面多腔钢管混凝土分叉柱的力学性能及设计方法,以北京某超高层建筑异形截面多腔钢管混凝土巨型分叉柱为原型,在已进行的低周反复荷载试验基础上,对异形截面多腔钢管混凝土分叉柱抗震性能进行有限元分析,研究了不同构造措施、不同钢材及混凝土强度等级等参数对钢管混凝土分叉柱抗震性能的影响.结果表明:基于本文提出的有限元建模方法,所得有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好;适当增加腔体数,设置肋板、角钢和钢管能够有效提高异形截面钢管混凝土分叉柱抗震性能;在等用钢量下,增加腔体数量比增加钢板厚度能更有效地提高分叉柱抗震性能;不同材料强度对异形截面钢管混凝土分叉柱抗震性能有较大影响,在进行其抗震设计时,宜选用强度等级匹配的钢材与混凝土.