火灾中考虑整体性的钢梁破坏形态研究

1990年英国broadgate火灾之后,结构整体性以及由于温度而在整体结构中产生的附加应力得到了人们的重视。处于整体结构中的梁的破坏形态与单个构件的梁的破坏形态有较大差别,当考虑梁的悬链线效应时其抗火承载力明显提高。文章采用大型通用有限元程序ANSYS,对T.C.HLiu所做试验进行了验证,表明了有限元计算悬链线效应的可靠性,同时通过计算分析,提出了处于整体结构中钢梁在火灾中破坏的5个阶段,并给出了钢结构防火的概念设计建议。     

New unified laws in fatigue: From the Wöhler’s to the Paris’ regime

Generalizations and unification of the celebrated Paris’ and Wöhler’s laws for fatigue crack propagation are derived by applying the recently developed quantized (or finite) fracture mechanics. In particular, three generalized Paris’, Wöhler’s or unified laws are proposed and compared, demonstrating their applicability for predicting the life time of structures containing from small (the Wöhler’s regime) to large (the Paris’ regime) propagating fatigue cracks.     

Environmental damage costs in Iran by the energy sector

On the basis of the energy supply and demand, this paper assesses the environmental damage from air pollution in Iran using the Extern-E study that has extended over 10 years and is still in progress in the European Union (EU) commission. Damage costs were transferred from Western European practice to the conditions of Iran by scaling according to GDP per capital measured in PPP terms.     

Prediction of fatigue behaviour in stress-concentrators of arbitrary geometry

A new method is outlined which aims to predict high-cycle fatigue behavior of components which fail from stress-concentrators. This involves examination of the stress field in the vicinity of the stress-concentrator, and comparison with stress fields for cracks at known stress intensities. Methods which are currently used for simple notch geometries can thus be generalised, making the approach applicable to stress concentrators of any geometry. The method of prediction is shown to be stable, providing a solution of good accuracy when compared to analytical methods for standard specimen geometries. Favourable comparisons with experimental data have been achieved both for standard notches and for a corner geometry which represents a typical component case.     

Stress analysis with arbitrary body force by boundary element method

Linear stress analysis without body force can be easily carried out by means of the boundary element method. Some cases of linear stress analysis with body force can also be solved without the domain integral. However domain integrals are generally necessary to solve the linear stress problems with complicated body forces. This paper shows that the linear stress problems with complicated body forces can be solved approximately without the domain integral. In order to solve these problems, the domain is divided into small areas using contour lines of body force. In these areas, the distributions of body force are assumed approximately to satisfy the Laplace equation.     

Fracture mechanics global approach concepts applied to creep slow crack growth in a medium density polyethylene (MDPE)

Creep fracture by slow crack growth is studied in a medium density polyethylene at 60 °C and 80 °C. Whereas elastic-plastic fracture mechanics load parameters fail to provide a unique temperature-independent correlation, that of the fracture mechanics for creeping solids C^∗ is proved to be relevant since this parameter correlates very well with the time to failure. Correlation established on both full notched creep tensile and double edge notched tensile tests was validated on cracked gas-pipe samples tested under hydrostatic pressure, extending the use of time to failure versus C^∗ diagram to predict lifetime of engineering components.     

利用AutoCAD求解机构运动学和动力学问题

提出采用AutoCAD求解机构运动学和动力学问题,并结合实例给出了方法与步骤。 此求解法既有图解法简单明了的特点,又能满足了现代机械设计对运动分析和动力分析的高精度 的要求,具有较高的可靠性和实用性。     

硫对注入YSZ单晶的金属铂在退火过程中结晶的影响

秀卢瑟福背散射－沟道技术（ＲＢＳ－Ｃ）和Ｘ射线衍射技术（ＸＲＤ）研究了Ｐｔ和注入ＹＳＺ（Ｙ２Ｏ３稳定的ＺｒＯ２）后产生的损伤和退火过程中损伤的恢复及注入Ｐｔ的晶化，ＲＢＳ－Ｃ分析表明ＹＳＺ室温下的存在较强自退火效应，ＸＲＤ分析结果示出硫以铂的晶化产生很大影响。     

动态力学及介电法研究蓖麻油丙烯酸酯共聚网络悬挂链的弛豫运动

用动态力学（内耗）和介电方法研究了由蓖麻油（ｃａｓｔｏｒｏｉｌ）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（ＴＤＩ）、丙烯酸羟乙酯（ＨＥＭＡ）组成的网络（Ａｉ）和由正己醇取代Ａ网络中部分ＨＥＭＡ组成的网络Ｂｉ（ｉ＝０，１，２，３）两种网络的内耗及介电损耗，内耗峰强度随悬挂链数目增加而升高，证实了网络破坏后形成的悬挂链的运动对内耗及介电损耗峰高有明显的贡献。     

Thermodynamics-inspired inverse halftoning viamultiple halftone images

Based on an analogy between thermodynamics and Bayesian inference,inverse halftoning was formulated using multiple halftone images based on Bayesian inference using the maximizer of the posterior marginal(MPM) estimate.Applying Monte Carlo simulation to a set of snapshots of the Q-Ising model,it was demonstrated that optimal performance is achieved around the Bayes-optimal condition within statistical uncertainty and that the performance of the Bayes-optimal solution is superior to that of the maximum-a-posteriori(MAP) estimation which is a deterministic limit of the MPM estimate.These properties were qualitatively confirmed by the mean-field theory using an infinite-range model established in statistical mechanics.Additionally,a practical and useful method was constructed using the statistical mechanical iterative method via the Bethe approximation.Numerical simulations for a 256-grayscale standard image show that Bethe approximation works as good as the MPM estimation if the parameters are set appropriately.