升深2-17井络合铝聚合物充气钻井液现场试验

为加快徐加固子深层天然气的勘探开发步伐，缩短深层气井的建井周期，在升深2-17井进行了充气钻井试验。介绍了络合铝聚合物充气钻井液技术的现场应用概况及效果以及井漏的发生与处理过程、钻井液起泡的解决措施。在现场试验过程中，络合铝聚合物钻井液性能稳定，具有较强的抑制性和较好的流变性能，流性指数控制在0．7左右，具有良好的携屑和稳定井壁能力，而且粘度较低，基本上控制在33～52s之间，满足了现场充气和脱气的需要；该钻井液抗温可达180℃，润滑性能较好，在钻井过程中无粘卡显示，在深井欠平衡井眼稳定方面取得了较好的效果；在不同的气液比条件下，可以在0．83～1．08g／cm。之间实现对当量密度的调节;与常规钻井工艺相比，充气钻井可以使机械钻速提高30％～50％；在钻进过程中实现了充气和点火同时进行，达到了欠平衡钻井工艺技术的要求，为进一步开展气体钻井打下了良好的基础。     

Response coding and visuomotor transformation in the Simon task: The role of action goals.

Manual responses can be defined by differing response parameters. Any of them may generate a Simon effect. For all those response parameters, the same implementation of the Simon effect (in terms of subserving mechanism) is assumed. In 3 experiments, subjects had to respond with either fingers or sticks. Temporal properties of the Simon effect changed with response parameters relevant in a task. The Simon effect for manual responses decayed. For stick responses, in which the action goal differed from the anatomical mapping of the acting hand, a sustained Simon effect was observed. However, if the action goal for stick responses was not instrumental for selecting the correct response, the Simon effect decayed. The findings are consistent with the notion of different mechanisms involved in generating a Simon effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Behavioral and subjective effects of D-amphetamine and modafinil in healthy adults.

Modafinil is indicated for the management of excessive daytime sleepiness; however, recent studies have examined a broad range of potential uses. Given that clinical uses of modafinil may be expanding, this study compared modafinil and d-amphetamine effects on subjective and performance measures. Across 11 sessions, 11 healthy adults were tested after oral doses of placebo (5 sessions), modafinil (1.75 mg/kg, 3.50 mg/kg, or 7.00 mg/kg), and d-amphetamine (0.035 mg/kg, 0.070 mg/kg, 0.140 mg/kg) under double-blind, randomized conditions. Assessments of cognitive performance and subjective effects were completed before drug administration, 30 min after drug administration, and at hourly intervals after drug administration for 5 hr. Modafinil increased ratings on the Amphetamine and Morphine Benzedrine Group scales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) and increased ratings on the Vigor and Total Positive scales of the Profile of Mood States. d-Amphetamine increased visual analog ratings of feeling stimulated and liking the drug and increased ratings on the Morphine Benzedrine Group scale of the ARCI. Both medications significantly reduced visual analog scale ratings of feeling sleepy, and modafinil decreased ratings on the ARCI Pentobarbital-Chlorpromazine-Alcohol Group scale. Both medications sustained performance that deteriorated across time on the Sternberg Number Recognition Test. Modafinil also enhanced performance rate on the Digit-Symbol Substitution Task above baseline levels and increased response rate on the Repeated Acquisition of Response Sequences Task. These results suggest that modafinil engenders alerting effects and increases performance in healthy non-sleep-deprived individuals comparable with that of d-amphetamine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Symmetric BEM formulations for 2-D steady-state and transit potential problems

This paper presents a new concept for symmetric boundary element method (SBEM) applicable to 2-D steady-state and transit potential problems. Two kinds of SBEM formulations are derived. Symmetry is obtained simply through matrix manipulation, and no hypersingularity appears. Therefore, SBEM is much easier than the traditional symmetric Galerkin BEM. Compared with the traditional asymmetric BEM, the present SBEM can reduce the computational cost for time domain problems only. However, when applied to BEM/FEM coupling procedure, SBEM can reduce the computational cost for both steady-state and time domain problems. Three numerical examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present formulations.     

曙光油田超稠油井套管损坏的机理和防治

超稠油特殊的油藏特点决定了其生产周期短、注汽频繁、出砂、汽窜、超覆现象严重，以及套管质量等因素的影响，套管损坏较为严重。对曙光油田超稠油井套管损坏的规律和机理进行了研究，并从钻井和完井工艺的完善、套管钢级和射孔工艺的选择、采油生产参数的确定、注汽管柱隔热效果的提高、防治砂工艺等方面，对套管损坏提出了预防措施和对策。并对套管损坏井制定了修复再利用方案。     

Modelling of fatigue damage progression and life of CFRP laminates

A progressive fatigue damage model has been developed for predicting damage accumulation and life of carbon fibre‐reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates with arbitrary geometry and stacking sequence subjected to constant amplitude cyclic loading. The model comprises the components of stress analysis, fatigue failure analysis and fatigue material property degradation. Stress analysis of the composite laminate was performed by creating a three‐dimensional finite element model in the ANSYS FE code. Fatigue failure analysis was performed by using a set of Hashin‐type failure criteria and the Ye‐delamination criterion. Two types of material property degradations on the basis of element stiffness and strength were applied: a sudden degradation because of sudden failure detected by the fatigue failure criteria and a gradual degradation because of the nature of cyclic loading, which is driven by the increased number of cycles. The gradual degradation of the composite material was modelled by using functions relating the residual stiffness and residual strength of the laminate to the number of cycles. All model components have been programmed in the ANSYS FE code in order to create a user‐friendly macro‐routine. The model has been applied in two different quasi‐isotropic CFRP laminates subjected to tension–compression (T–C) fatigue and the predictions of fatigue life and damage accumulation as a function of the number of cycles were compared with experimental data available in the literature. A very good agreement was obtained.     

集团变分法(CVM)及其在合金相图计算中的应用

介绍了集团变分法的集团概率变量、配置熵等统计分析的理论基础及Helmholtz自由能的描述模型.提出了巨势及相对化学势的几何分析理论.讨论了应用集团变分法和巨势分析理论进行相平衡计算的过程,并分析了同结构平衡相图计算的若干实例.     

Two-stage fatigue loading of woven carbon fibre reinforced laminates

A brief review of the models used to predict the cumulative fatigue damage in FRP composites is presented. Two‐stage fatigue loading of a [0/90,± 45₂,0/90]_s quasi‐ isotropic woven carbon fibre/epoxy resin laminate was evaluated at stress ratio R = 0.05 and the failure mechanisms investigated using x‐radiography after each loading stage. The results are presented in terms of fatigue strength and damage growth and are compared with those in the literature. A low‐to‐high loading sequence is more damaging than a high‐to‐low one and the Palmgren‐Miner linear damage rule may no longer be valid for this kind of material, as previously reported.     

疲劳/蠕变复合作用下聚苯乙烯的交互损伤研究

探讨了在疲劳／蠕变复合作用下聚苯乙烯的损伤交互作用，结果表明，在疲劳／蠕变复合作用下聚苯乙烯存在疲劳和蠕变的交互损伤，其断裂寿命比纯疲劳或纯蠕变的断裂寿命低；断裂机制是疲劳循环载荷松动和活化了分子链或链段，从而促进蠕变运动和断裂，并且，疲劳／蠕变的交互损伤程度与温度密切相关。     

关于气井产能、气田稳产特征和气区开采潜力的探讨

根据气田开发特点和国内外开发实践，对气田平均产能评价方法、开发速度与稳产的关系以及气区开采潜力等问题进行了探讨，以提高开发评价、开发建设及投资决策的科学性与可靠性，达到高效开发和稳定供气的目的。分析评价了国内外常用的6种气井产能评价方法，指出了其适用条件。利用中国、土库曼斯坦和俄罗斯部分开发历史较长的气田开发实例分析了开发速度与稳产的关系，结果表明四川裂缝系统稳产情况最好，而土库曼斯坦气田稳产关系最差。利用俄罗斯已枯竭老气区、正在开发的大型主力气区以及中国四川开采历史较长气区的开发实例，对气区开采潜力进行综合分析和探讨，认为在预测气田（或气区）的开发潜力、稳定供气水平和年限时，要全面评价、预计尚未探明储量的规模、质量、投产时间、投产顺序以及储量的可信度和可靠性，以降低开发决策的风险，提高中、长期开发规划的科学性。图5表2参10