可持续的建筑天然采光技术

随着可持续发展理念的深入人心,天然采光引起了业界的广泛关注。介绍了当前天然采光新的模拟预测、实时监控技术以及扩大天然采光的途径,探讨了采光中技术与艺术的协调一致性。以实例说明合理而有效地利用天然采光,能够获得多方面的效益,呼吁建立可持续的天然采光理念。     

Rheological analysis of geomechanical processes

The modified variable module method, based on the a priori information about the intensifying daylight surface subsidence in time, is developed. The practical application of the proposed rheological analysis scheme is considered for the chamber mining of potash series. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 32–41, November–December, 2005.     

重庆地区的天然光和日辐射观测站

本文从观测场地、仪器设备、观测数据的处理方法与结果的分析等几个方面，介绍了为响应９１国际天然光观测年在重庆地区建立的天然光观测站概况。该观测站采用了全套自动化系统，对太阳辐射及照度等十一个量进行了为时两年多的连续观测，获得了大量观测数据，为重庆地区的光气候研究提供了第一手可靠的依据。该观测手段已达到国际先进水平，是现代科学技术在天然光观测方面的成功应用。     

Reevaluation of daylight spectral distributions

The spectral power distribution of colorimetric daylight illuminants was determined based on measurements1 done some 40 years ago. The data were averaged and standardized at every full 10 nm. Later, to follow colorimetric practice, these data have been interpolated (linearly) to every 5 nm, but the factors to calculate the values have not been changed. We show in this article that this is not correct and leads to some discrepancies, especially if data with even smaller step size are required. We suggest that when correcting this discrepancy one should at the same time go from the linear interpolation technique, a rather crude method for a spectral distribution with many minor minima and maxima in the spectrum, to a nonlinear one. We show that a third‐order spline interpolation can provide smooth functions resembling the original data to a high degree. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 25: 250–259, 2000     

Light transmission efficiency of daylight guidance systems: An assessment approach based on simulations and measurements in a sun/sky simulator

New and more advanced guidance systems are nowadays available, allowing bringing natural light into buildings and offering potentials for energy savings associated to well-being for occupants. From a design point of view, the key factor is the knowledge of their photometric performances in terms of global light transmission efficiency, so as to predict the daylight availability in an interior space due to an array of guidance systems (or, the other way around, to predict the number of pipes needed to produce a minimum natural light illuminance according to standard requirement) through known analytical methods such as the lumen method. In spite of this, determining the global light transmission efficiency of advanced guidance systems is a quite complicate matter because of the redirecting optical properties these elements rely on even in the case of simple typologies (for instance, passive domes with micro-prismatic profiles and micro-prismatic or holographic films used as pipe’s coating).This paper presents an approach to characterize photometric performances of tubular daylight guidance systems in terms of light transmission efficiency: the global system efficiency is the result of the product of the efficiencies of the three individual components (collector, pipe and diffuser) and each efficiency is determined as the ratio of the flux emitted through the output window to the flux hitting the input window, accounting for both the beam and the diffuse efficiency. The approach, based on both measurements on physical models and simulations, was applied to different typologies of pipes and passive collectors and the obtained data were used to eventually calculate the global efficiency for the analyzed system.     

Alternatives to Outdoor Daylight Illumination for Photodynamic Therapy—Use of Greenhouses and Artificial Light Sources

Daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy (daylight PDT) is a simple and pain free treatment of actinic keratoses. Weather conditions may not always allow daylight PDT outdoors. We compared the spectrum of five different lamp candidates for indoor “daylight PDT” and investigated their ability to photobleach protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Furthermore, we measured the amount of PpIX activating daylight available in a glass greenhouse, which can be an alternative when it is uncomfortable for patients to be outdoors. The lamps investigated were: halogen lamps (overhead and slide projector), white light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, red LED panel and lamps used for conventional PDT. Four of the five light sources were able to photobleach PpIX completely. For halogen light and the red LED lamp, 5000 lux could photobleach PpIX whereas 12,000 lux were needed for the white LED lamp. Furthermore, the greenhouse was suitable for daylight PDT since the effect of solar light is lowered only by 25%. In conclusion, we found four of the five light sources and the greenhouse usable for indoor daylight PDT. The greenhouse is beneficial when the weather outside is rainy or windy. Only insignificant ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) radiation passes through the greenhouse glass, so sun protection is not needed.     

An investigation into the impact of daylight on perceived color of façade: Understanding the role of chromaticness

Color selection has always been a classic problem in exterior color design for the simple reason that façade color is commonly chosen at the architect's office, regardless of different external conditions affecting color perception. This issue often leads to an apparent discrepancy between the selected color and the perceived color of façade. So far, extensive research has been carried out to identify, classify, and study the influence of these conditions on perceived color. However, little attention has been paid to the importance of color attributes. Hence, this article attempts to grasp better the significance of chromaticness, as briefly discussed in earlier studies, in the variation pattern of perceived color while daylight condition differs. In order to determine perceived color, each test subject was asked to compare the color seen on the façade to the standard color samples of natural color system index and choose the matching one, using a designed color‐measuring device. The results obtained from 93 participants demonstrate 3 things: First, they further support the belief that perceived color is influenced in both hue and nuance under varied daylight circumstances. Second, they confirm previous findings that indicated chromaticness would affect the extent of color shifts. And above all, a comparison of the results reveals that façade colors of higher chromaticness values have had less shifts in hue, yet greater shifts in whiteness. Finally, the findings suggest that chromaticness together with the external conditions, under which the color is to be seen, should be carefully considered when selecting the façade color.     

重庆地区导光管采光系统的有效服务面积估算研究

该文基于重庆地区的光气候条件,用流明法给出了导光管采光系统自然采光有效服务面积的估算公式,有助于指导重庆地区导光管采光系统在地下空间或大进深空间方案阶段中的应用。     

基于多目标的居住建筑天然光环境优化设计

为了更好地平衡居住建筑天然光环境设计中多目标的要求,本文提出了居住建筑天然光环境的多目标优化设计,本文认为依托于文中所列的“明确目标→整合目标→完成目标”3个实践环节,可以实现由目标的控制到形式设计的转化,经过这样层层递进的设计和思考过程,可以得到1种全方位、系统、精确的设计结果,这些结果涵盖了居住建筑天然光环境所包括的各种角度,整合了与天然光环境相关的建筑设计和其它环境设计的设计过程和方法.