Creep behavior of pultruded GFRP elements – Part 2: Analytical study

This paper presents an analytical study about the viscoelastic time-dependent (creep) behavior of pultruded GFRP elements made of polyester and E-glass fibers. Experimental results reported in Part 1 are firstly used for material characterization by means of empirical and phenomenological formulations – a good general agreement is obtained using the following analytical models: (i) Findley’s power law, (ii) Bruger–Kelvin model and (iii) Prony–Dirichlet series. Based on accelerated characterization methodology – Time-Stress Superposition Principle (TSSP) coupled with Findley’s law, for a reference stress of 20% of the material ultimate stress, an elastic deformation increase of 30% is obtained after 50,000 h. The creep parameters and deformation estimated by using the Findley’s model derivations indicate a consistent prediction of time-dependent deformation and viscoelastic properties of the two types of elements analysed – laminates and beam. A straightforward formulation to predict the time-dependent elastic modulus is applied, showing that the flexural stiffness should be reduced by 25% of its initial value after 1-year and as much as 50% after 50-years. Similarly, the power law coupled to Euler’s classical beam theory suggests a reasonable adaptability to the creep phenomenon in the linear regime and proved to provide accurate predictions for deflections under flexural loading up to 40% of the ultimate strength. After 50 years, under normal service load level (1/3 of the failure load), the total creep deflection will attain almost twice the initial deflection. If taking into account the shear deformation (Timoshenko’s postulated) of the full-size element with “effective” stiffness properties such estimate is reduced nearly 25%.     

关于公共建筑中的无障碍设计--北京市残疾人活动中心设计浅析

随着社会的发展,关心弱群体,已成为社会文明的一个标志,文章对建筑设计中如何体现关心残疾人 的作法。提出了设计方法,并对设计中注意事项,提出了看法.     

水利水电工程边坡的工程地质分类（下）

首先按变形特征对变形边坡的分类划分为滑动、蠕动、张裂、崩塌、坍滑和剥落共６类，再结合岩性、结构和变形机理划分出１７个亚类。对各类和各亚类变形边坡的工程地质特征、野外识别方法、变形破坏机理、稳定性评价和治理原则作了简要的总结。文后附变形边坡分类表，对已发生变形边坡的勘察计有重要参考意义。全文分上、中、下三部分。     

不同侵蚀环境下GFRP筋抗拉性能退化试验

为研究GFRP（glass fiber reinforced polymer）筋在不同侵蚀环境下的抗拉性能,对侵蚀前后GFRP筋进行了拉伸试验,重点分析了侵蚀环境类别和暴露时间对GFRP筋抗拉性能的影响.采用了两种侵蚀方式:一是直接将GFRP筋浸泡在碱、盐和清水溶液中,浸泡周期为180 d;二是将GFRP筋埋置于混凝土梁内,加载后将梁置于大气和氯盐干湿环境中,周期为366 d.借助扫描电子显微镜SEM（scanning electron microscopy）对埋置于混凝土梁内GFRP筋的微观结构变化及其损伤机制进行了分析.试验及分析结果表明:GFRP筋的抗拉性能随溶液直接浸泡时间的增加出现不同程度的降低,浸泡180 d后,GFRP筋的抗拉强度在碱、盐和清水溶液中分别退化30.0%、21.3%和11.3%;对于混凝土梁内GFRP筋,366 d后其抗拉强度下降约为10%;结合试验结果和SEM微观结构分析,可认为导致GFRP筋抗拉性能退化的主要原因是纤维与树脂基体黏结性能降低.最后,基于Arrhenius模型对GFRP筋在两种侵蚀方式下的抗拉性能退化进行了拟合分析,并对其在碱、盐直接浸泡和混凝土梁内环境下的长期性能进行了预测.     

能量法计算GFRP筋与预应力钢绞线组合支护桩的侧移

根据能量法原理计算基坑支护桩的水平位移,并通过比较普通配筋支护桩与应用组合技术后支护桩的水平位移量大小,阐述GFRP筋与预应力钢绞线组合技术在减小基坑支护水平位移方面的可行性,为今后的工程实践提供参考。     

U型截面GFRP泡桐木夹层板抗弯性能研究

通过对11个U型截面玻璃纤维增强复合材料（GFRP）泡桐木夹层板试件的三点弯曲试验研究,探讨了该类型组合截面试件的破坏形态、荷载变形特性、应变分布和发展特征,并分析了GFRP纤维铺层数、芯材厚度以及跨高比等参数对试件受力特征的影响.结果表明： GFRP纤维铺层数或芯材厚度增加,均能提高试件的极限承载力,且芯材厚度较大的试件,GFRP纤维铺层数增加对其极限承载力的提高更明显.对于芯材厚度为35mm的试件,当纤维铺层从4层增加到6层和8层时,其极限承载力可提高3370%和6659%.当跨高比从8增加到18,纤维铺层为4层和6层的试件刚度分别下降了8194%和7888%,极限承载力下降了5200%和3816%.与国外现有U型截面GFRP板桩对比,U型截面GFRP泡桐木夹层板刚度提高率为2924%~18197%.     

腐蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能退化规律

为了探讨腐蚀后变形钢筋与混凝土的粘结问题,该文以氯盐侵蚀环境为背景,以通电腐蚀的方式获得了腐蚀变形钢筋与混凝土的粘结试块,对腐蚀变形钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的退化进行了研究。通过拔出试验得到了不同裂缝宽度的粘结滑移曲线,并对粘结滑移曲线进行分析,得到了腐蚀变形钢筋与混凝土的极限粘结强度在钢筋锈蚀程度较低时有所提高,腐蚀程度较大时随裂缝宽度的增长而下降的规律。通过分析粘结滑移曲线得到了各粘结性能参数,数据显示各试样极限粘结强度和粘结刚度随着裂缝宽度增大均呈现下降趋势,且二者具有一定的线性关系。     

Experimental investigation and optimisation in drilling of GFRP composites

Glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite materials are one of the important materials and are economic alternative to engineering materials because of their superior properties. This paper presents an effective approach for the optimisation of drilling parameters with multiple performance characteristics based on the Tagugch’s method with grey relational analysis. Taguchi’s L₁₆, 4-level orthogonal array has been used for the experimentation. The drilling parameters such as spindle speed and feed rate are optimised with consideration of multiple performance characteristics, such as thrust force, workpiece surface roughness and delamination factor. Response table and response graph are used for the analysis. The analysis of grey relational grade indicates that feed rate is the more influential parameter than spindle speed. The results indicate that the performance of drilling process can be improved effectively through this approach.     

GFRP管钢筋混凝土短柱力学性能研究

为研究GFRP管钢筋混凝土短柱的力学性能,对14根GFRP管钢筋混凝土短柱和2根无套管短柱进行轴压试验,通过试验,分析了影响套管钢筋混凝土短柱的部分因素,试验结果表明：对于在不同受力方式下的试件,其承载力与变形能力都基本相同;GFRP管有很强的约束能力,由于GFRP管的约束,使得混凝土的强度得到明显的提高,变形能力也得到明显的增加;对于配置有纵筋的试件,既可以提高试件的承载力,又可以避免核心混凝土发生剪切破坏。