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91.
The enzymatic degradability of poly(vinyl acetate) was investigated in toluene solutions at various temperatures with hog pancreas lipase. The polymer degraded by specific scission to yield oligomeric products with a molecular weight of 700. Continuous distribution kinetics were used to determine the rate coefficients. The variation of the rate coefficients with the temperature indicated an optimum at 55°C. The p‐toluene sulfonic acid catalyzed degradation of poly(vinyl acetate) was also investigated. The degradation mechanism was random chain scission, and the energy of activation for degradation was determined from the variation of the rate coefficients with the temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2579–2582, 2003 相似文献
92.
The thermal stability of xanthan gum in dilute aqueous solutions at 90°C is considered. The relative viscosity as a function of ageing time is discussed, and it has been found to depend on the polymer concentration and conformation as well as on the salt content. The effectiveness of a quencher demonstrates the existence of a free-radical process in the degradation. During ageing, the molecular weight first decreases by rapid random hydrolysis of the main chain and loss of the pyruvate and acetate substituents. Later, oligomers are formed corresponding to a breakdown of both the side chain and the main chain. The identification of cellodextrins in the oligomer pool demonstrates the second effect. 相似文献
93.
Herbert Stutz 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,91(3):1881-1886
The kinetics of thermal degradation of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS)‐cured glycidylethers (DGBA) and glycidylamines (TGDDM) have been studied by isothermal annealing. Thermal degradation proceeds via first‐order kinetics with activation energies of 138 (DGBA/DDS) and 95 kJ/mol (TGDDM/DDS). From these data the temperature‐dependent lifetime can be calculated. Based on the heat distortion temperature and 20 years' service as criteria, the upper service temperature is found to be around 115–120°C. In spite of the different activation energies and bond stabilities, only marginal differences in the upper allowed service temperatures between these resins were found. Only slight improvements can be expected by optimizing the cure conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1881–1886, 2004 相似文献
94.
采用溶剂热法制备了坡缕石/Al掺杂CdS复合材料(PGS/CdS-Al),运用XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis DRS及PL对材料的结构、形貌以及光学性能进行了表征.结果表明,Al元素成功掺杂到CdS中,CdS的晶体结构没有改变,但其禁带宽带变宽.可见光照射下,该复合材料对孔雀石绿、亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、结晶紫、罗丹明B有机染料均有光催化降解活性,且对罗丹明B的光催化降解效果最好.光照40 min,质量浓度为0.67 g/L 15%PGS/CdS-Al(15%为PGS的负载量,以生成的CdS质量计)对30 mL质量浓度为20 mg/L罗丹明B的降解率为98.7%,反应主要活性基团是h+.该降解反应符合一级动力学,反应速率常数为0.067 min–1. 相似文献
95.
用沸腾回流直接水解法制备了粒径为25~35 nm纯锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛(TiO2).用X射线衍射和透射电镜表征材料的结构与形貌.用该催化剂催化降解甲基橙,研究了催化剂用量、甲基橙的起始浓度、溶液pH值、光强度、溶液中添加金属离子的影响.结果表明:在较强紫外光照射下,当甲基橙的起始浓度为0.02 g/L,TiO2用量为1.0g/L,光催化效率最高.酸性条件有利于光催化降解甲基橙.掺加Fe3 或Zn2 的光催化效率显著增加.掺加Mn2 或Ca2对光催化活性没有影响.在紫外光区域(366 nm),样品对催化降解水溶液中甲基橙的活性较高. 相似文献
96.
The degradation kinetics of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate), a member of the Nodax family of polymers, were investigated using transient constant shear rate and dynamic time sweep rheological tests. The rate of chain scission at several times and temperatures was correlated with viscosity data and verified using molecular weight determination of the degraded samples. The experimental results show that the molecular weight and the viscosity of Nodax decrease with time over the range of temperatures that were studied (155–175°C). The degradation kinetics, which exhibited first‐order behavior, were determined as a function of the flow history and thermal history. An apparent activation energy of 189 ± 5 kJ/mol for thermal degradation was found by modeling variations in the rate with temperature using an Arrhenius law model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 66–74, 2005 相似文献
97.
本文以对氯苯酚(4-cP)、对硝基苯酚(4-NP)和罗丹明B(RhB)为模型有机物(以4-CP和4-NP为小分子模型有机物,以RhB为大分子模型有机物),分别研究了185nmUV对水中这3种模型有机物的降解规律、性能和效果.研究结果表明,185nmUV直接对水中4-CP、4-NP和RhB有很好的降解效果.研究内容包括:185nmUV降解模型有机物的浓度、TOC(Totalorganic carbon)浓度、185nmUV降解模型有机物过程中溶液pH及电导率变化、以及降解模型有机物过程中产生的无机离子等几个方面. 相似文献
98.
Thermal and flow properties of unrefined oils from the heads of red or pink salmon were evaluated. Major thermal degradation
of the salmon oils occurred between 200 and 450°C. Red and pink salmon oils were completely decomposed at 533 and 668°C, respectively.
The phase transition of salmon oils occurred over a wide range of temperatures. The melting points of −69.6 to −0.36°C and
−64.7 to 20.8°C were observed for red and pink salmon oils, respectively. The enthalpy was 40 j/g for red salmon oil and 39
j/g for pink salmon oil. Specific heat capacity ranges of 0.8 to 1.6 and 1.3 to 2.3 j/g/°C were observed for red and pink
salmon oils, respectively. Both salmon oils exhibited Newtonian flow behavior. Red salmon oil required higher magnitudes of
energy (kj·mol−1) to flow than pink salmon oil. The viscosity of salmon oils was temperature-dependent and could be predicted by the Arrhenius
equation. 相似文献
99.
Al_2O_3负载TiO_2光催化氧化剂的制备与性能试验 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列TiO2/Al2O3复合氧化物光催化剂。以光催化降解甲醛为探针反应,考察了催化剂的光催化活性。并采用XRD、SEM技术对催化剂进行了表征。考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、钛含量、反应温度等因素对甲醛光催化降解率的影响。结果表明:400℃是制备TiO2/Al2O3光催化剂的最佳焙烧温度;在TiO2负载质量为5.0%的复合氧化物光催化剂催化效果最好,甲醛的降解率达到58.4%。随着反应温度的升高,复合氧化物光催化剂的催化性能下降,由25℃时的58.4%的甲醛降解率下降到50℃时的4.8%。 相似文献
100.
从无机物质量不变出发,在考虑降解率与密度变化的情况下,围绕垃圾土的密度、质量与体积三者关系,结合由自配试样进行降解试验获得的降解率规律,推导了垃圾土一维降解压缩模型。研究结果表明,降解压缩量与初始时刻有机物的体积百分含量、降解率及初始高度有关,且成正比关系。利用该模型对重庆市某垃圾填埋场的有机物降解沉降量进行了计算,可以看出降解沉降量与时间呈指数函数关系,在填埋初期降解沉降速率较大,随着时间推移,降解沉降量趋于稳定。 相似文献