Effects of laser beam energy and incident angle on the pulse laser welding of stainless steel thin sheet

This paper reports an experimental study of laser spot welding on stainless steel sheets. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to weld the stainless steel specimen in the range of laser energy 0.6–1.2 J and incident angle 30–75° (the angle of the laser beam incident direction to the sheet surface). Metallography was applied to measure the cross-sectional size and shape of the welded spot. From the experimental results, it is found that as the laser energy increases, the penetration depth, bead length, and bead width of the welded spot increase. As the laser incident angle increases, the penetration depth and the bead width increase while the bead length decreases. The results illustrate that the shape and size of the welded spot depend not only on the laser energy, but also on the incident angle of laser beam.     

Atomic force microscopy study of biaxially oriented polypropylene films

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) uses a very sharp pointed mechanical probe to collect real-space morphological information of solid surfaces. AFM was used in this study to image the surface morphology of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The polymer film is characterized by a nanometer-scale, fiberlike network structure, which reflects the drawing process used during the fabrication of the film. AFM was used to study polymer-surface treatment to improve wettability by exposing the polymer to ozone with or without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Surface-morphology changes observed by AFM are the result of the surface oxidation induced by the treatment. Due to the topographic features of the polymer film, the fiberlike structure has been used to check the performance of the AFM tip. An AFM image is a mixture of the surface morphology and the shape of the AFM tip. Therefore, it is important to check the performance of a tip to ensure that the AFM image collected reflects the true surface features of the sample, rather than contamination on the AFM tip.     

国外武器装备电磁环境适应性试验与评价技术及能力发展综述

武器装备的电磁环境适应性已成为制约武器装备能打仗、打胜仗的一个重大问题;西方军事强国非常重视面向复杂电磁环境的武器装备试验与评价技术研究和能力建设,通过相关投资计划的长期持续投入,支持突破其中的关键技术、方法,以及构建相应的试验与评价设施能力;文章从标准规范和研制程序、技术方法、试验设施、科研和能力建设投资计划等几方面综述了国外武器装备复杂电磁环境适应性试验与评价技术和能力发展情况,并在此基础上,提出了对我国武器装备电磁环境适应性试验与评价能力的发展建议.     

Epsilon-near-zero or mu-near-zero materials composed of dielectric photonic crystals

We theoretically demonstrate that at certain frequencies two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals （PCs） may be regarded as either epsilon-near-zero or mu-near-zero materials. We show that the transmission through a slab of such materials upon normal incidence is normally non-unity and decays with slab thickness. However, when the incident angle increases slightly, the transmittance experiences a dramatic increase due to the Brewster effect. The combination of the tunneling and resonance effects makes such materials good candidates for almost perfect bending waveguides and cloaking in waveguides. The zero index also enables applications of focusing and directive emission. At last, the distinction between the single-zero and double-zero media is discussed. In all of the above results, the numerical simulations perfectly match with theoretical predictions from the effective medium analysis.     

宽带钢厚度模型的研究与优化

介绍莱钢宽带钢厚度模型的优化,以改善板形,提高控制精度.     

一种消除阶梯效应的图像分解新模型

针对TV-L1分解模型在进行图像分解时所得到的结构部分有阶梯效应的问题,本文提出一种改进的图像分解模型即GJTV-L1模型。该模型首先得到结构部分的切向量场,由切向量场可得到结构部分的法向量场,然后拟合法向量场得到重构图像,即结构部分。通过仿真实验,验证了GJTV-L1模型和算法的合理性及有效性。     

Kelvin Probe measurements of polymer coated gold substrates: Mechanism studies

The origin of work-function changes induced in polymer/metal structures (polyacrylic acid (PAA), ammonium and sodium polyacrylate) upon ammonia exposure is studied. To understand and explain the mechanism systematic measurements of uncoated and polymer coated metals are performed in Kelvin Probe (KP) setups. Additional data have been acquired through gravimetric and electrochemical experiments (cyclic voltammetry (CV)). The results obtained confirm that the field effect sensitive processes are taking place at the metal/polymer interface and allow their modelling. The intrinsic sensitivity of metallic samples upon ammonia exposure is influenced by the presence of coating polymers, by their ability to sorb water and to keep the metal surface wet or dry.     

多级集群式供应链跨链库存合作及鲁棒优化算法

以四级两单链的集群式供应链为研究对象,在两个单链相巨竞合条件下,建立了两单链问两零售商跨链问库存协作的时变鲁棒控制系统模型,以及牛鞭效应的弱化方法,并用H∞优化算法来求解动态最优决策.通过实例分析表明,集群式供应链跨链间协调及鲁棒优化能有效抑制牛鞭效应、降低库存水平,在减小订货波动的同时可提高对集群市场的响应速度.     

基团立体屏蔽效应对取代咪唑离子液体酸性的影响

影响取代咪唑阳离子C2-H酸性(pKa)的重要因素有二:H原子所带的部分正电荷和取代基的立体屏蔽效应,前者可用C2-H的1H NMR化学位移δC2-H度量,后者用基团拓扑立体效应指数TSEI衡量.咪唑阳离子C2-H的pKa可由以下方程估算:pKa=58.10-4.208δC2-H+1.659TSEI该式的标准偏差只有0.28 pKa单位,估算结果与文献报导的pKa值相吻合.表明如要精确估算pKa,必须考虑取代基立体屏蔽效应;当希望用碱性较低的亲核试剂脱除取代咪唑阳离子的C2-H形成卡宾时,应采用芳香基取代的咪唑离子;若使用取代咪唑离子液体作溶剂,并且在碱性较强的条件下进行有机反应,则最好选择立体屏蔽效应大的非芳香基取代的咪唑离子.     

基于中间节点效应的无标度网络演化模型研究

原BA模型以网络中已存在的各个节点与新增节点的连接相互独立为前提。然而,在真实系统中,当网络中一个节点与新增节点连接后,该节点对其邻居节点与新增节点的连接会存在影响。针对该现象,提出了基于中间节点效应的无标度网络演化模型。首先描述与定义了中间节点效应,然后给出了中间节点效应模型的生成算法,并从理论上分析了该模型的度分布情况,最后利用仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,并就度分布、群聚系数、平均路径长度等复杂网络参数与原BA模型进行了对比,结果表明此模型能生成无标度网络并且更符合现实网络的演化过程。