磷酸异戊酯萃取U,Np,Pu性能的研究

测定磷酸异戊酯（ＴｉＡＰ）对Ｕ（Ⅵ）、Ｎｐ（Ⅳ）、Ｎｐ（Ⅴ）、Ｎｐ（Ⅵ）、Ｐｕ（Ⅳ）和Ｐｕ（Ⅲ）的萃取性能及对Ｔｈ（代替Ｐｕ）的萃取容量。研究了二乙三胺五乙酸（ＤＴＰＡ）络合剂对上述核素形成配合物的条件。结果表明，在用ＴＢＰ和ＴｉＡＰ作萃取剂时，可用ＤＴＰＡ络合Ｎｐ（Ⅵ）、Ｐｕ（Ⅲ）．从而改善乏燃料后处理中Ｕ产品对Ｎｐ、Ｐｕ和Ｐｕ产品对Ｎｐ的去污。     

数字水印攻击及对策分析

数字水印技术作为数字媒体版权保护的重要手段越来越引起人们的重视。文章讨论了数字水印的概念、特征,重点介绍了数字水印的鲁棒性及影响数字水印鲁棒性的因素,总结和分析了数字水印主要攻击方式并提出相应的应对措施。     

Prediction of venturi scrubber efficiency used in an updraft gasifier cleaning train

The performance of a venturi scrubber in the removal of tar from gas in updraft gasification has been studied. The gasifier has been operated with a husk feed rate of 1.6 × 10^?4 kg/s. The venturi scrubber has been operated at a superficial gas velocity of 56.4 m/s at the throat. A wide variety of scrubbing liquids having surface tensions ranging from 0.026 to 0.072 N/m have been used. The Q_g/Q_l, has been varied in the range of 1000–8000. The tar separation efficiency η has been found to vary from 51 to 98.5%. A mathematical model, assuming steady-state operation, has been developed considering very high pseudosolubility of tar in the scrubbing liquids. The predicted values of η have been compared with experimental results. The model satisfactorily explains the tar removal efficiency of the venturi for Q_g/Q_l values ranging from 4000 to 8000 for all scrubbing liquids. The following correlation has been developed for predicting venturi scrubber efficiency: .     

化工过程熵增指数及其在磷复肥清洁生产评价中的应用

从热力学第二定律出发, 指出清洁生产的热力学本质是控制物质由有序结构向无序转化并从中获取最大效益, 其优劣可由过程熵增反映。 引用复杂体系非平衡定态过程最小熵产生原理,推导出依据与外界交换的物流和热流信息定量计算化工复杂系统过程熵增的方法, 并定义过程熵增指数ζ 。 评价了化工过程对环境热力学状态的综合影响。选择以硫和以氨为载能原料的磷复肥工艺为例进行了计算和对比,其过程熵增指数分别为6.753和4.571,反映出载能原料硫作为废物排放对环境热力学状态产生更大的影响。     

江苏省磷资源安全评价与演化趋势

通过系统的资料整理与严密的数据分析,在阐述省内磷资源概况与化肥施用需求的基础上,依据熵值法修正的层次分析法建立了农用矿产资源的安全评价体系。修正的安全系数和最终计算结果更加符合实际,显示了该方法的科学性、优越性。评价结果表明:江苏省磷资源安全演化整体呈下降趋势,结合省内情况可分为4个阶段。资源禀赋是影响农用矿产安全的主要因素,其次是化肥施用量、勘查资金投入等因素,据此强调开拓市场、科学施肥、保护环境。模型的建立及结果对资源产业持续健康发展和区域经济社会发展具有参考意义。     

Environmental and climate justice and technological carbon removal

Environmental justice (EJ) and climate justice are becoming central foci of climate policy. Awareness is also growing on the need for some amount of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to curb warming to 1.5 °C. In this paper we map dimensions of environmental and climate justice that stakeholders and communities will need to consider -- from local to global scales. Mapping issues is a step towards developing frameworks to undertake CDR in an environmentally just way.     

A combo technology of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes for groundwater treatment

In this study,a sequential process (heterotrophic up-flow column and completely mixed membrane bioreactors) was proposed combining advantages of the both processes.The system was operated for 249 days with simulated and real groundwater for nitrate removal at concentrations varying from 25 to 145 mg·L-1 NO3-N.The contribution of heterotrophic process to total nitrate removal in the system was controlled by dozing the ethanol considering the nitrate concentration.By this way,sulfur based autotrophic denitrification rate was decreased and the effluent sulfate concentrations were controlled.The alkalinity requirement in the autotrophic process was produced in the heterotrophic reactor,and the system was operated without alkalinity supplementation.Throughout the study,the chemical oxygen demand in the heterotrophic reactor effluent was (23.7 ± 22) mg·L-1 and it was further decreased to(7.5 ± 7.2) mg·L-1 in the system effluent,corresponding to a 70％ reduction.In the last period of the study,the real groundwater containing 145 mg·L-1 NO3-N was completely removed.Membrane was operated without chemical washing in the first 114 days.Between days 115-249 weekly chemical washing was required.     

磷酸二苯酯催化的2-吲哚甲烷胺衍生物的合成

以磷酸二苯酯为催化剂,3-甲基吲哚类化合物与亚胺通过Friedel-Crafts加成反应一步合成了具有广泛药理活性的2-吲哚基甲烷胺类化合物,对反应条件进行优化。结果表明,当n(3-甲基吲哚类)∶n(亚胺)∶n(磷酸二苯酯)=1.0∶2.0∶0.1,其中,磷酸二苯酯0.0025 mmol,1 mL无水二氯甲烷作溶剂,室温下反应0.5 h时,即可得到高收率2-吲哚基甲烷胺类衍生物（85%~90%）。产物经 1HNMR、13CNMR 和 HRMS 进行了结构确定。     

医药副产含磷废盐的提纯研究

随着精细化工及中间体产品的发展,各类副产废盐量不断增加,由于其产生量大及难处理等特点,成为阻碍行业发展的一大瓶颈。主要开展了医药副产含磷废盐的提纯实验研究,针对废盐产生的途径和特性,采用洗脱剂（甲醇-乙醇）+活性炭混合洗脱与重结晶的方式,分别去除废盐中的有机物和氯化钠,回收可利用的磷酸盐,实现废盐的提纯资源化。当洗脱剂与废盐的体积质量比为1 mL/g、洗脱剂甲醇与乙醇的体积比为4∶6、活性炭用量为废盐质量的0.4%时,废盐中的有机物得到了有效去除。随后对得到的混盐进行重结晶得到回收磷酸盐,回收磷酸盐的纯度可达98%以上,符合工业磷酸盐行业标准的要求。将含磷废盐提纯回收磷酸盐,1 t废盐的处理成本约为174.24元,可回收0.61 t磷酸盐,实现了废盐的资源化再利用。