吸附法脱除乙烯中少量氧气的吸附剂研究

采用重量法在电子天平上研究了Ｃ２Ｈ４和Ｏ２单组份在５Ａ、１３Ｘ、丝光沸石和碳分子筛等不同吸附剂上的吸附平衡性质和扩散动力学性质。结果表明，在沸石类吸附剂上，Ｃ２Ｈ４的平衡吸附量远大于Ｏ２的平衡吸附量，Ｃ２Ｈ４的吸附扩散速率也大于Ｏ２的扩散速率；在碳分子筛吸附剂上Ｃ２Ｈ４的平衡吸附量大于Ｏ２的平衡吸附量，但Ｏ２的吸附扩散速率远大于Ｃ２Ｈ４的扩散速率，其扩散系数是Ｃ２Ｈ４的２３９倍。单柱评价结果表明，Ｃ２Ｈ４－Ｏ２混合组份通过该碳分子筛吸附剂时，Ｏ２的破点时间长，Ｃ２Ｈ４的纯度可达１００％。加压有利于选择吸附Ｏ２，而且加压吸附、常压脱附再生性能好。该碳分子筛是脱除高浓度乙烯中少量氧气的理想吸附剂。     

利用控制头酸化测试联作的新方法

采用采油树进行酸化作业，安全可靠，但在原钻机试油过程中，采用采油树酸化作业工作量大而繁重，存在一些不便之处。利用控制头替代采油树酸化作业，可以解决困扰酸化施工时来回倒换井口的难题，并且可以缩短试油周期，减少管柱起下钻次数，为含硫化氢油气井的施工提供了安全保障。1997年以来，在塔中26井、塔中126井利用控制头实施酸化作业并获得成功，为酸化测试联作及超深高含硫井的施工积累了实际经验。     

CAST的工作原理与设计计算

详细论述了循环式活性污泥法(CAST)的工作原理，对该工艺的设计计算作了探讨，提出了设计方法，并提供了有关计算公式和操作时间分配。     

数字水印攻击及对策分析

数字水印技术作为数字媒体版权保护的重要手段越来越引起人们的重视。文章讨论了数字水印的概念、特征,重点介绍了数字水印的鲁棒性及影响数字水印鲁棒性的因素,总结和分析了数字水印主要攻击方式并提出相应的应对措施。     

Population effect of a large‐scale stream restoration effort on Chinook salmon in the Pahsimeroi River,Idaho

Stream habitat restoration is an important tool for fisheries management in impaired lotic systems. Although small‐scale benefits of stream habitat restoration are commonly investigated, it is difficult to demonstrate population effects. The Pahsimeroi River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha population was previously restricted to the lower portion of the river by multiple irrigation structures. To address fish passage issues, a combination of restoration projects was initiated including barrier removals, instream flow enhancements and installation of fish screens on diversions. The largest barrier was removed in 2009, more than doubling the amount of accessible linear habitat. We hypothesized restoration efforts would expand the distribution of spawning salmon in the Pahsimeroi River watershed, leading to a broader distribution of juveniles. We also hypothesized a broader juvenile distribution would have population effects by reducing the prevalence of density‐dependent growth and survival. Redds were documented in newly accessible habitat immediately following barrier removal and accounted for a median of 42% of all redds in the Pahsimeroi River watershed during 2009–2015. Snorkel surveys also documented juvenile rearing in newly accessible habitat. Juvenile productivity increased from a median of 64 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2002–2008 to 99 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2009–2014. Overall, results suggested increased habitat accessibility in the Pahsimeroi River broadened the distribution of spawning adult and rearing juvenile salmon and reduced the effects of density‐dependent survival. Large‐scale stream restoration efforts can have a population effect. Despite the large‐scale effort and response, habitat restoration alone is likely not sufficient to restore this population.     

Prediction of venturi scrubber efficiency used in an updraft gasifier cleaning train

The performance of a venturi scrubber in the removal of tar from gas in updraft gasification has been studied. The gasifier has been operated with a husk feed rate of 1.6 × 10^?4 kg/s. The venturi scrubber has been operated at a superficial gas velocity of 56.4 m/s at the throat. A wide variety of scrubbing liquids having surface tensions ranging from 0.026 to 0.072 N/m have been used. The Q_g/Q_l, has been varied in the range of 1000–8000. The tar separation efficiency η has been found to vary from 51 to 98.5%. A mathematical model, assuming steady-state operation, has been developed considering very high pseudosolubility of tar in the scrubbing liquids. The predicted values of η have been compared with experimental results. The model satisfactorily explains the tar removal efficiency of the venturi for Q_g/Q_l values ranging from 4000 to 8000 for all scrubbing liquids. The following correlation has been developed for predicting venturi scrubber efficiency: .     

银纪念币的腐蚀变色研究

银纪念币在大气环境中表面发生变色，失去原有的金属光泽。采用OM，SEM，EMPA，XPS，XRD等现代物理测试技术对变色的银纪念币进行分析。结果表明，银纪念币的变色部位呈均匀的浅褐色，并随机分布着深褐色的斑点。变色银纪念币表面沿着划痕密集分布着蚀孔。表面分析显示，除Ag外，还有S和O元素。XPS，XRD分析发现，变色银纪念币表面存在Ag2S，Ag2SO3和Ag2O。实验室加速变色试验毒明，在含S气体环境中，Ag被氧化生成A82S，导致银纪念币表面变色,从而验证银纪念币的变色是由电化学腐蚀引起的，S和O元素参与了腐蚀历程。     

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link?

The influence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCy) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. HHCy is associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis, and it is an independent risk factor for CVD, stroke and myocardial infarction. However, homocysteine (HCy)-lowering therapy does not affect the inflammatory state of CVD patients, and it has little influence on cardiovascular risk. The HCy degradation product hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a cardioprotector. Previous research proposed a positive role of H₂S in the cardiovascular system, and we discuss some recent data suggesting that HHCy worsens CVD by increasing the production of H₂S, which decreases the expression of adenosine A_2A receptors on the surface of immune and cardiovascular cells to cause inflammation and ischemia, respectively.     

小秦岭NNE向金矿脉构造变形特征与成矿关系

小秦岭金矿田位于华北克拉通南缘的华熊地块北缘,发育有产出于不同走向剪切带内的金矿脉。但是,目前研究和认识对矿脉和剪切带、以及不同方向矿脉之间的构造关系并不清晰。选择小秦岭中部善车峪一带的典型NNE向矿脉开展构造变形与矿化特征研究。结果表明:NNE向金矿脉以右阶排列的石英脉透镜体为特征,主体产状为120°∠70°; 矿脉产出于与之近平行的左行逆冲剪切带内,并改造了早期近EW向剪切带,其所处构造应力场环境为近EW向水平伸展; 矿体的主要矿石矿物为方铅矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿等多金属硫化物,这些金属矿物多呈条带状或条纹状沿剪切面理或小角度斜交的张剪性面理贯入,显示与左行逆冲变形同期形成的特征。构造变形序列和矿化特征对比分析显示,小秦岭地区NNE向矿脉叠加改造了近EW向矿脉,其构造应力场环境分别与早白垩世和晚三叠世区域应力场特征一致。前人对于岩浆作用、成矿流体和成矿时代等方面的研究结果认为,小秦岭地区经历了印支期和燕山期两期构造与成矿作用的叠加,从而推测NNE向金矿脉应形成于燕山期陆内构造变形阶段,而近EW向矿脉可能形成于印支期华北板块和扬子板块碰撞拼贴阶段。     

基于15N质量平衡法研究养殖消化废水中氨氮的去除机理

为避免养猪场消化废水对环境造成的污染,利用微藻去除消化废水中营养物质的二次处理方法受到了广泛关注。采用¹⁵N质量平衡法研究了鞘藻去除氨氮的主要机理,重点研究了鞘藻生长与氨氮去除的关系以及氨氮去除的主要途径。经高压灭菌后的消化废水在鞘藻培养期的氨氮去除率为96.2%,鞘藻特定生长率为0.04~0.15;稀释后的原消化废水氨氮的去除率为94.1%,鞘藻特定生长率为-0.14~0.13。通过曝气的汽提效应对氨的去除有显著的促进作用,尤其在高pH值试验条件下更有利于脱氨。¹⁵N同位素质量平衡分析表明,原始消化废水中存在的细菌对氨氮的去除影响小,在鞘藻培养期去除原消化废水中氨氮的主要途径是鞘藻的吸收和气体的损失,分别占总氮量的40.97%和32.59%。氨氮的去除与主要影响因素间的回归和通径分析表明,要提高氨氮去除率,需要提高鞘藻Chl-a含量和DO浓度,同时限制或保持pH值在弱碱性状态。