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121.
Fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) of plain and modified anhydride-cured epoxy resin (EP) were studied at ambient temperature. Liquid carboxyl-terminated acrylonitrile-butadiene (CTBN) and silicon (SI) rubber dispersions were used as tougheners for the EP. The morphology of the modified EP was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fracture toughness, Kc, of the compositions decreased with increasing deformation rate. Kc of the EP was slightly improved by CTBN addition and practically unaffected by incorporation of the SI dispersion when tests were performed at low cross-head speed, v. Both modifiers improved Kc at high v, and also the resistance to FCP, by shifting the curves to higher stress intensity factor ranges, ΔK, by comparison with the plain EP. It was established that both fracture and fatigue performance rely on the compliance, JR, at the rubbery plateau, and thus on the apparent molecular mass between crosslinks, Mc. The failure mechanisms were less dependent upon the loading mode (fracture, fatigue), but differed basically for the various modifiers. Rubber-induced cavitation and shear yielding of the EP were dominant for CTBN, whereas crack bifurcation and branching controlled the cracking in SI-modified EP. The simultaneous use of both modifiers resulted in a synergistic effect for both the fracture toughness at high deformation rate and the FCP behavior. 相似文献
122.
Reviews the book, The chemically dependent: Phases of treatment and recovery edited by Barbara C. Wallace (see record 1992-98403-000). While this book is ambitious, interesting, educational, and useful, it is also disappointing, repetitious, and incomplete. Because it tries to accomplish so much, it may appear to have succeeded too little. This book is organized around, and explicative of, several basic ideas which might have been controversial if not heretical had this book been published ten years ago. Section I, purporting to link specific "phases of recovery" to particular forms and functions of treatment, will certainly be useful for novice clinicians but falls short of its overstated goals and is thereby disappointing. Section II is a collection of moderately redundant chapters describing the etiology and treatment of substance abusers from the viewpoints of psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, ego psychology, and object-relations theorists and therapists. Section III focuses on cognitive-behavioral, self-help, and relapse-prevention treatments. Section IV is quite uneven in quality of writing and applicability of content, and could have benefited from closer editorial scrutiny or selectivity. The final section focuses on special needs of particular subpopulations of substance abusers: African-Americans, prison inmates, HIV/AIDS patients, persons who are homeless, those who have been sexually and physically abused, and others. According to the reviewer this is not the best book on substance abuse treatment, but it does present some clinically useful ideas and it is worth reading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
123.
R. Gnanamoorthy N. Rajiv K. Gopinath Y. Miyahsita Y. Mutoh 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2002,2(4):71-75
Powder-metal-processed bearings and gears are finding increasing application because of their economical and technical advantages.
The residual pores from the sintering operatives act as lubricant pockets and dampen sound and vibration. However, porosity
also decreases the mechanical strength and reduces the life of components fabricated by powder processing relative to similar
wrought components. The rolling contact fatigue behavior of sintered and heat treated steel rollers was investigated using
a fatigue test machine designed and fabricated for that purpose. The powder-metal-processed and the wrought steel rollers
that were tested had similar composition and hardness and were mated against wrought steel rollers of high hardness. The contact
stress versus number of cycles to failure data showed that the wrought steel had a very high endurance limit under rolling
contact fatigue compared to the sintered steels investigated. Rolling contact fatigue behavior was found to depend on the
porosity present in the material. Large surface peeling failures and pitting type fatigue failures were observed in the sintered
and hardened steels, while only pitting type failures were observed in the wrought steels 相似文献
124.
A. N. Iyer U. Balachandran L. R. Motowidlo J. G. Hoehn P. Haldar 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1994,23(11):1087-1091
Pb0.4Bi1.8Sr2Ca2.2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) precursor powder was prepared by a solid-state reaction of carbonates and oxides of lead, bismuth, strontium, calcium,
and copper, and the powder was then used to fabricate silver-clad tapes by the powder-in-tube technique. Transport critical
current density (Jc) values>4×104 A/cm2 at 77K and 2×105 A/cm2 at 4.2 and 27K have been achieved in short tape samples. Long lengths of tape were tested by winding them into pancake coils.
Recently, we fabricated a test magnet by stacking ten pancake coils, each containing three 16m lengths of rolled tape, and
tested it at 4.2, 27 and 77K. A maximum generated field of 2.6 T was measured in zero applied field at 4.2K and the test magnet
generated significant self-field in background fields up to 20 T. The results are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
125.
A. Goyal E. D. Specht Z. L. Wang D. M. Kroeger J. A. Sutliff J. E. Tkaczyk J. A. Deluca L. Masur G. N. Riley 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1994,23(11):1191-1197
Microstructural origins for reduced weak-link behavior in high-Jc melt-processed YBCO, spray pyrolyzed thick films of Tl-1223, metallic precursor Y-124 polycrystalline powder-in-tube (PIT)
wires and PIT Bi-2212/2223 are discussed. Since the materials studied are the highest Jc, polycrystalline, high-Tc superconductors fabricated worldwide, the results provide important guidelines for further improvements in superconducting
properties, thereby enabling practical applications of these materials. It is found that strongly linked current flow within
domains of melt-processed 123 occurs effectively through a single crystal path. In c-axis oriented, polycrystalline Tl-1223
thick films, local in-plane texture has been found to play a crucial role in the reduced weak-link behavior. Formation of
“colonies” of grains with a common c-axis and modest in-plane misorientation was observed. Furthermore, a colony boundary
in general has a varying misorientation along the boundary. Large regions comprised primarily of low angle boundaries were
observed. Percolative transport through a network of such small angle boundaries appears to provide the nonweak-linked current
path. Although powder-in-tube BSCCO 2212 and 2223 also appear to have a “colony” microstructure, there are some important
differences. Colonies in BSCCO consist of stacks of grains with similar c-axis orientation in contrast to colonies in Tl-1223
films where few grains are stacked on top of one another. Furthermore, most grains within a colony in BSCCO have the same
lateral dimensions as that of the colony, resulting largely largely in “twist” boundaries. Further microstructural characterization
of high-Jc PIT 2212 and 2223 is currently underway. In the case of Y-124 wires, weak macroscopic in-plane texture is found. Additional
measurements are underway to determine if a sharper, local in-plane texture also exists. It is found that in three of the
four types of superconductors studied, reduced weak-link behavior can be ascribed to some degree of biaxial alignment between
grains, either on a “local” or a “global” scale. 相似文献
126.
ZHANG Zu-fan DU Hui-ping JIANG Ze Chongqing University of Posts Telecommunications Chongqing China University of Electronic Science Technology of China Chengdu China 《中国邮电高校学报(英文版)》2006,13(4):29-33
1 Introduction The calling dwell time characteristic is critical for the user network planning and deployment, e.g., global system for mobile communications (GSM), as well as the next generation wireless multimedia networks, such as, the currently standar… 相似文献
127.
复合微粒高性能混凝土的二级界面显微结构及耐久性研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
将天然纳米纤维材料及活性球形掺合料复合应用于高性能混凝土中,用以改善高性能混凝土的二级界面,探讨胶凝材料的颗粒紧密堆积及显微结构。对混凝土力学性能的研究表明:改善混凝土的二级界面,可以大幅度提高其抗弯强度和弹性模量;对耐久性的研究表明,由于加入了纳米纤维材料,改善了体系颗粒级配及二级界面显微结构,增加了体系密实度,是提高混凝土抗冻性、抗渗性的有效途径。因而,研究高性能混凝土的二级界面显微结构,对于提高高性能混凝土的宏观物理力学性能及耐久性存在巨大潜能。 相似文献
128.
Fon-Chieh Chang R. R. Fessler B. D. Merkle J. M. Borton W. M. Goldberger 《Particulate Science and Technology》2004,22(1):35-50
Electroconsolidation® is a process for densifying complex-shaped parts by using electrically conductive particulate solids as a pressure-transmitting medium. The part is immersed in a bed of the particulate medium contained in a die chamber. Sintering temperature is achieved by resistive heating of the medium while applying compaction pressure. The process is capable of ultrahigh temperatures and short cycle times and offers the potential for low processing costs.
Control of the process and selection of process conditions require knowledge of the temperatures within the die. Temperature gradients exist because of the high heating rate and because of variations of density and electrical resistivity of the medium due to the presence of the part. Direct measurement of temperature with thermocouples or other conventional means is impractical because of the high temperatures, high currents, and high pressures that are involved. Therefore, a computer model was developed to predict temperature as a function of time and applied voltage for any location in the die. The computer model is composed of three parts: a geometrical model to approximate the density and resistivity variations in the medium, a finite-element model to calculate the rate of resistive heating within each element, and a finite-difference model to calculate the temperature distribution based on solution of the heat-transfer equations. Predicted temperatures have been shown to be in excellent agreement with measurements, and numerical simulation provided encouraging consistency and reasonably accurate predictions of temperature profiles within the die. The model demonstrated the feasibility of a new process to achieve simultaneous application of pressure and heat to powder densification in Electroconsolidation. 相似文献
Control of the process and selection of process conditions require knowledge of the temperatures within the die. Temperature gradients exist because of the high heating rate and because of variations of density and electrical resistivity of the medium due to the presence of the part. Direct measurement of temperature with thermocouples or other conventional means is impractical because of the high temperatures, high currents, and high pressures that are involved. Therefore, a computer model was developed to predict temperature as a function of time and applied voltage for any location in the die. The computer model is composed of three parts: a geometrical model to approximate the density and resistivity variations in the medium, a finite-element model to calculate the rate of resistive heating within each element, and a finite-difference model to calculate the temperature distribution based on solution of the heat-transfer equations. Predicted temperatures have been shown to be in excellent agreement with measurements, and numerical simulation provided encouraging consistency and reasonably accurate predictions of temperature profiles within the die. The model demonstrated the feasibility of a new process to achieve simultaneous application of pressure and heat to powder densification in Electroconsolidation. 相似文献
129.
随着苏丹1/2/4区块的深入开发,为了加快开发主力油层,提高原油产量,降低钻井成本,GNPOC在此区块布置水平井开发任务。所开发的区域主要分布于Heglig,Munga,Simbir,Bamboo区块,油层所在是Zaqar和Bentiue地层。此层位具有高渗透,地层温度高,易塌、气窜等复杂问题,尤其是Heglig和Munga地区井壁坍塌严重。为此,根据地质资料、井身结构和对水平井注水泥的技术要求,科学合理设计施工工艺,优选出适合此地区固井施工的冲洗液和隔离液,特别是经过努力实践,开发出了新型膨胀水泥浆体系,此体系具有高强度、低失水、无析水、防气窜之功效。结合使用哈里伯顿CPT—Y4大功率固井车,精确计量和自动密度控制,该体系水泥浆目前已在7口水平井施工中得以应用,均为优质井。现正在被大量使用,此体系的开发,解决了该固井技术难题,创造了中国固井在海外首次水平井作业一次成功的历史记录,具有较高的经济和社会效益。 相似文献
130.