Reserve estimation of an open pit mine under price uncertainty by real option approach

Reserve estimation is a key to find the correct NPV in a mining project. The most important factor in reserve estimation is the metal price. Metal price fluctuations in recent years were exaggerated, and imposed a high degree of uncertainty to the re-serve estimation, and in consequence to the whole mine planning procedure. Real option approach is an efficient method of deci-sion making in the uncertain conditions. This approach has been used for evaluation of defined natural resources projects until now. This study considering the metal price uncertainty used real option approach to prepare a methodology for reserve estimation in open pit mines. This study was done on a copper cylindrical deposit, but the achieved methodology can be adjusted for all kinds of deposits. This methodology was comprehensively described through the examples in such a manner that can be used by the mine planners.     

江西浒坑钨矿含矿韧性剪切带及其^40Ar-^39Ar年代学约束

江西省浒坑钨矿是一个大型石英脉黑钨矿矿床,含矿石英脉除了块状石英脉以外,还大量发育条带状石英脉。本文针对条带状石英脉进行了专门研究,认为条带状石英脉实质上是韧性剪切带,以透入性发育的剪切面理和拉伸线理、剪切透镜体、剪切分异条带普遍发育为特色。剪切带岩石以石英质糜棱岩为主,具有丰富的塑性变形显微构造特征。显微剪切指向构造统计表明,东西向和北西向脉组的运动方式均以左旋正滑为主,近水平脉组则以正滑为主。北西向韧性剪切带的新生绢云母^40Ar-^39Ar坪年龄为140．3±1．0Ma,相应的等时线年龄为139．6±2．4Ma;而东西向韧性剪切带绢云母^40Ar-^39Ar坪年龄则比较复杂,高温阶段年龄可能受到成矿期白云母残斑的影响,中温阶段的表观年龄和总气体年龄更接近前一样品的坪年龄。据此认为韧性剪切变形的年龄为140Ma左右,韧性变形发生在成岩和成矿之后。条带状石英脉系块状石英脉韧性剪切改造而成,推测其形成主要与晚期补充岩体的斜向上侵作用有关,但更为合理的模式需要更多资料的进一步证实。     

广西老堡铅锌矿褶皱形成机制及其控矿规律

老堡铅锌矿床主要赋存在陡山沱组白云岩或老堡组硅质岩中,顺层产出,受地层与褶皱的双重控制。矿区主干褶皱为一复式向斜,由2个次级向斜和1个次级背斜组成。从构造几何学、运动学角度,运用现代测试技术,对矿区的小构造、显微构造和组构进行构造分析后揭示,老堡褶皱构造的形成机制是以弯滑作用为主、兼具弯流作用的纵弯褶皱作用的产物。铅锌矿体主要赋存在褶皱的转折端虚脱部位及两翼滑移量较大的层间滑动破碎带中。     

强度折减法在高边坡支护稳定性分析中的应用

以一实际的岩土高边坡为例,探讨强度折减法的理论计算方法.利用强度折减法分别计算高边坡天然状态、未支护与支护状态下的整体稳定性,得到高边坡的整体安全系数与潜在滑动面,评价高边坡的支护系统的有效性,验证强度折减法在岩土体工程中的有效性.     

友谊水库除险加固后对大坝渗透坡降的核算

针对水库"大坝左右坝肩帷幕灌浆及溢洪道固结灌浆、帷幕灌浆"施工项目完工后的实时监测,密切观测坝基渗流.通过观测对大坝进行坝基渗透坡降核算、坝体实测渗透坡降核算,坝基渗透压力基本稳定,坝基、坝体水力坡降均在允许范围内,运行良好,也说明除险加固效果达到设计水平,坝体除险加固效果达到设计要求.     

伊陕斜坡气田压裂施工中泵压异常的技术对策

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡气田压裂施工中在工作液、设备配合正常的情况下出现泵压异常升高的原因分析,采用降低施工泵压的工艺技术对策,解决了该区块压裂施工中泵压异常升高而发生砂堵的难题,确保了现场压裂施工的顺利进行,达到了对气层改造的目的。     

地震作用下桩锚组合结构加固边坡稳定性分析----灾后重建专刊

对于一些性质复杂,滑坡推力巨大的边（滑）坡,单一的抗滑结构对其整治已显得无能为力,于是各种组合抗滑结构应运而生,然而目前对采用组合防治结构加固边坡稳定性的研究又十分稀缺。因此,本文以桩锚组合结构加固边坡为例,运用极限分析上限定理,推导出了地震作用下桩锚组合结构加固边坡中抗滑桩所需提供抗力的计算公式以及该加固边坡的屈服加速度计算公式,并提出了永久位移的预测方法,为地震带边坡防治结构的设计提供理论依据。通过对桩锚组合结构加固的实例边坡的计算分析,得到了在确定的锚索布置条件下,抗滑桩所需提供抗力和边坡屈服加速度与地震系数、抗滑桩布置位置、边坡特性和坡体材料特性等因素相关关系的一系列研究结果,揭示了地震作用下桩锚组合结构加固边坡的稳定性。     

汶川地震震后都汶公路的恢复与重建

在汶川地震及其次生山地灾害的共用作用下,地震灾区的道路损毁非常严重.汶川地震发生后,政府及相关部门立即组织地震灾区道路的抢通以及恢复与重建工作.都汶公路是汶川地震的抗震救灾的"生命线",是汶川地震受损最严重的山区道路之一.以都汶公路为例,介绍都汶公路路基、路面、桥梁、隧道等损毁情况以及恢复与重建.对于影响都汶公路通行的边坡地质灾害,在通过对边坡地质灾害的现场调查后,确定都汶公路首批恢复与重建的42处边坡处治路段及处治措施,并在9处路段通过修建明洞来预防边坡地质灾害.     

大港歧北斜坡三维地震深层目标精细处理及地质效果分析

歧北斜坡深层沙二、沙三段发育沿岸滩坝、辫状河水道及斜坡扇沉积体系。储层总体比较发育,但是横向变化大,单层厚度薄。现有地震资料横、纵向上地震分辨率低,无法满足砂体追踪和精细储层预测的要求。通过运用叠前反褶积、静校正、能量调整、叠后提高分辨率等技术,并实施处理解释一体化工作模式,处理质量过程控制等方法,使处理成果地震资料在保持地层波组特征不变的情况下,纵横向分辨率有了较大程度的提高,成像特征有了较大幅度的改善,基本上满足了地质需求。利用新处理的资料,通过井震结合,储层地球物理特征分析,在常规波阻抗反演的基础上,利用拟波阻抗反演的方法预测了沙二、三段各油组砂体的空间展布规律。取得了较好的地质效果。     

Study on the characteristics of erbium-doped waveguide ring laser

A theoretical model of the erbium-doped waveguide ring laser is established according to the theory of erbium-doped waveguide amplifier and the transmission matrix of waveguide directional coupler. The influence of bend radius, coupling coefficient and doped erbium ion concentration on the characteristics of waveguide ring laser is investigated. It is shown that due to the co-action of waveguide bend loss and other relevant loss there is an optimal bend radius which can provide simultaneously low threshold pumping power and high laser light output power. As one part of the resonator’s loss, the laser light coupling coefficient of directional coupler has an impact on the laser property. The analysis indicates that the laser achieves the high output power when the coupling coefficient is about 0.2. The threshold pumping power is the minimum when the doped erbium ion concentration is 0.85×10²⁶ m⁻³. Increasing the concentration of doped erbium ions will enhance the output power of laser light as long as the concentration doesn’t introduce remarkable up-conversion effect. The results give a good theoretical basis for the design and fabrication of erbium-doped waveguide ring laser devices. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60807015), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 200801411037), the Young Teacher Cultivation Foundation of Dalian University of Technology (Grant No. 893210) and Doctor Start-up Foundation of Dalian University of Technology (Grant No. 893322)