Seawater desalination plant using nuclear heating reactor coupled with MED process

A small size plant for seawater desalination using nuclear heating reactor coupled with MED process was developed by the Instituted of Nuclear Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,China,This seawater desalination plant was designed to supply potable water demand to some coastal or island where both fresh water and energy source are severely lacking ,It is also recommended as a demonstration and training facility for seawater desalination using nuclear energy. the desing of small size of seawater desalination plant couples two proven technologies:Nuclear Heating Reactor(NHR) and Multi-Effect Destination (MED) process.The NHR desing possesses intrinsic and passive safety features,which was demonstrated by the experiences of the project NHR-5.The intermediate circuit and steam circuit were designed as the safety barriers betewwn the NHR reactor and MED desalination system.Wihin 10-200MWt of the power range of the hating reactor,the desalination plant could provide 8000 to 150,000m^3/d of high quality potable water,The desing concept could provide 8000 to 150,000m^3/d of high quality potable water,The design concept and parameters,safety features and coupling scheme are presented.     

太阳能海水淡化与空调装置控制系统研究

阐述了太阳能海水淡化与组合式空调系统的原理,该系统具有高效的海水淡化功能和空调除湿能力.比较了多个现有的控制器,对该装置的控制系统做出了初步设计并进行了实验验证.最终的实验结果证实该控制器完全可行.     

低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统热力分析

建立了喷射器低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统的数学模型,计算分析了各种温度损失随温度的变化,并研究了顶值盐水温度、蒸发器效数和动力蒸汽等参数对系统的造水比和生产单位质量淡水所需传热面积的影响。结果表明各种温度损失在末效蒸发器内显著增加;喷射器低温多效蒸发系统的热力特性明显优于多效蒸发系统;通过增加顶值盐水温度、蒸发器效数和动力蒸汽温度,可以实现系统的优化运行。     

石墨烯基电吸附电极材料的研究进展

电容去离子技术是一种高效节能、绿色环保的基于电化学双电层电容理论的电吸附脱盐技术。该技术的关键和核心在于电极材料的选择。石墨烯因具有较高的比表面积、电导率以及优异的物理化学特性,被认为是一种理想的电极材料。本文从石墨烯电极材料性能设计角度出发,归纳总结了针对石墨烯材料特性(亲水性、比表面积/孔隙、导电性)的研究现状,分析存在的问题,并展望了石墨烯基电容去离子电极材料的发展前景。     

Improving the performance of novel polysulfone-based membrane via sulfonation method: Application to water desalination

High-performance polymers for water desalination were designed. A novel polysulfone was prepared via reaction between a new synthesized pyridine-based diol and bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone. Also a series of disulfonated copolymers with sulfonation content of 20–50 wt% were prepared to compare the hydrophilicity with the pristine polymer. The generated membranes were characterized by microscopic, mechanical, and thermal methods, and the influence of sulfonation degree on hydrophilicity, water flux, and salt rejection was followed. Water flux of sulfonated membranes was increased compare to pristine membrane as sulfonation increased, while the salt rejection decreased. Optimum application performance was obtained for membrane with 30 wt% sulfonation content. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48568.     

高盐高硬稠油污水淡化工艺方案优选

针对高盐高硬稠油污水回用需求,结合注汽锅炉用水标准,比选出蒸馏法作为污水脱盐首选方案。根据同一水性和产水规模,分别采用机械压缩、热力压缩、多效蒸发等蒸馏工艺进行脱盐装置设计,从装置规模、公用需求、产品能耗等方面进行对比,并从投资和运行成本角度进行综合评价。结果表明,在蒸汽昂贵,电价便宜地区,采用机械压缩占绝对优势;废蒸汽场合采用多效蒸发较为经济;廉价高压蒸汽场合,宜采用热力压缩。     

大气腿高位闪蒸法海水淡化

本文提出了利用工业冷却水（海水）的余热，采用大气腿高位闪蒸法（ＨＳＦ）淡化的新工艺，并对原料水输送能耗进行了理论分析，结果表明，该工艺使造水成本大幅度降低。     

热法海水淡化技术简析

介绍了全球水资源的状况及我国淡水资源紧缺的现状,提出了海水淡化技术发展的必要性和其良好而广泛的市场前景,进而对主流热法海水淡化技术作了扼要的介绍、分析和比较,并展望其发展趋势。     

膜分离技术在染料行业中的应用研究进展

介绍了粗制染料的脱盐与浓缩纯化生产的研究进展。膜分离作为一种清洁生产工艺技术,使合成染料的脱盐和浓缩同时进行,从而成功地得到高浓度、低盐的染料产品如活性染料、荧光增白剂和酸性染料等。在膜法治理染料废水方面,介绍了膜分离、预处理/膜分离组合和膜分离/氧化组合等3种工艺及其应用实例,并简要介绍了新型膜材料和膜过程的发展状况。     

Integrated waste-to-energy conversion and waste transportation within island communities

Usually in islands both primary energy sources and drinking water are missing. Additionally, municipal solid waste (MSW) must be managed avoiding exclusive use of landfills, which limits sustainable development. Power generation from MSW incineration contributes significantly to replacing energy produced from fossil fuels and to reduce overall emissions. A solution based on thermodynamics, environmental and economic analyses and 3D-GIS modelling for the afore-mentioned problems for Cape Verde is proposed. This model integrates waste transportation optimisation and incineration with energy recovery combining production of heat and power (CHP), the heat being used for drinking water production. The results show that extraction condensing steam turbines are more suitable when power production is a priority (5.0 MW with 4000 m³/d of drinking water), whereas back-pressure turbines yield 5540–6650 m³/d of drinking water with an additional power production of 3.3–4.7 MW. The environmental and economic assessment performed shows the feasibility of the proposed CHP solution, which brings a considerable reduction in net air emissions (1.6 kt), including a significant decrease in the greenhouse gas emissions (131 ktCO₂), and that the revenue from energy sales (€15 million) has potential to balance the incineration cost. Moreover, when terrain relief is accounted for in the route optimisation for minimum fuel consumption, savings up to 11% are obtained.