钴基非晶丝应力电阻抗效应

研究了钴基非晶丝材料显示的应力电阻抗 (SI)效应。结果表明 ,淬态钴基非晶丝在其两端受到外加轴向压力作用下可呈现显著的应力电阻抗效应 ,它与驱动电流频率及幅值均有关     

“妙手”系统机械结构设计与优化

为了辅助医生更好地完成显微外科手术,开发了一种主从异构的显微外科手术机器人系统——“妙手”系统．“妙手”系统的主手为商业化的Phantom Desktop主手,从手为针对显微外科血管缝合而设计的“妙手”从手．从手包括位置机构和姿态机构．位置机构通过丝传动实现双四连杆机构的运动特性;姿态机构采用三轴交汇于一点的设计思想．通过分析双四连杆机构的运动特性,根据Angeles运动灵活度指标对双四连杆机构进行了优化．结果表明：当双四连杆机构前三级杆等长且I级杆与III级杆垂直时,机构运动灵活度取最大值．     

基于MSP430的酒驾报警减速器的研制

以MSP430为核心控制器,利用测速器、FPGA、减速器、声光报警模块和LCD1602液晶显示器,设计了一款防止酒后驾车的汽车报警减速器,实现对车速的控制和平稳停车。对数据采集过程中对数据的处理方法以及控制汽车停车控制算法作了详细阐述,整个系统经调试,能运行正常。     

Age-related difference in perceptual responses and interface pressure requirements for driver seat design

Due to typical physiological changes with age, older individuals are likely to have different perceptual responses to and different needs for driver–seat interface design. To assess this, a study was conducted in which a total of 22 younger and older participants completed six short-term driving sessions. Three subjective ratings (comfort, discomfort and overall) were obtained, along with 36 driver–seat interface pressure measures, and were used to assess differences and similarities between the two age groups. For both age groups, localised comfort ratings were more effective at distinguishing between driver seats and workspaces. Older individuals appeared to be less sensitive to discomfort than younger individuals. Across age groups, two distinct processes were used in determining whole-body comfort and discomfort perceptions based on localised comfort/discomfort perceptions. Whole-body discomfort levels were largely affected by lower back discomfort in the younger group versus upper back discomfort in the older group. Four specific pressure measures at several body regions differed between the age groups, suggesting distinct contract pressure requirements and loading patterns among these groups.     

Effects of road surface appearance and low friction warning systems on driver behaviour and confidence in the warning system

Warning systems for slippery road conditions are a potential newcomer among driver support systems. A total of 75 participants drove in a high-fidelity driving simulator on roads with both visible and invisible ice, to investigate to which extent drivers rely on a low friction warning system. Three experimental groups with different versions of a low friction warning system and a control group without warning system were compared. All drivers ranked the systems according to trust. A system displaying recommended speed received the best ratings. Driving speed was analysed for three particular segments of the route. Generally, lowest speeds were achieved with the recommended speed system. The participants drove more slowly on a slippery segment that looked icy than on the segments that looked dry when they did not receive a low friction warning. When they received a warning for low friction they also lowered their speed for the segment looking like asphalt. The results provide guidelines for how to present low friction warnings to drivers. The design has substantial effects on the resulting behaviour and therefore it can have a high impact on traffic safety. So far, not much research on low friction warning systems has been reported.     

Participation of Danish and immigrant cleaners in a 1-year worksite intervention preventing physical deterioration

Worksite health promotion is seldom offered to workers who are low-educated and multi-ethnic, possibly due to an assumption that they are more reluctant to participate. Furthermore, little has been done to promote health at female-dominated workplaces. The main aim of this study was to investigate differences in participation among immigrant and Danish cleaners throughout a 1-year randomised controlled study tailored to cleaners and carried out in predominantly female workplaces. No significant differences in ethnicity were found in consent and participation throughout the 1-year intervention. Dropout was equally distributed among Danish and immigrant cleaners. This study indicates that a worksite health promotion intervention among a female-dominated, high-risk occupation such as cleaning can be equally appealing for Danes and immigrants. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: This study provides insight about participation of Danish and immigrant cleaners in a worksite health promotion intervention in a predominantly female occupation. For attaining high participation and low dropout in future worksite health promotion interventions among cleaners, the intervention ought to not only target the ethnic background of the workers, but also to be specifically tailored to the job group.     

A Review of :“Leu Accidents du Travail.” By JACQUES LEPLAT et XAVIER CUNY. (Paris: Presses Universities de France, 1974.( [Pp.128. £0·00.

Police officers spend large amounts of time performing duties within a police cruiser and report a high prevalence of musculoskeletal problems. This study evaluated the effects of driver seat and duty belt design on posture, pressure and discomfort. Ten male and 10 female university students attended two sessions involving simulated driving in a standard police seat (CV) and an active lumbar support (ALS) seat. Participants wore a full duty belt (FDB) or reduced duty belt (RDB) in each seat. Lumbar postures, driver-seat and driver-duty belt pressures and perceived discomfort were measured. Gender × Seat interactions were found for pelvic (p = 0.0001) and lumbar postures (p = 0.003). Females had more lumbar flexion than males and were more extended in the ALS seat (?9.8 ± 11.3°) than CV seat (?19.8 ± 9.6°). The FDB had greater seat pressure than the RDB (p < 0.0001), which corresponded to increased pelvis discomfort. This study supports the use of an ALS seat and RDB to reduce injury risk associated with prolonged sitting in police officers.

Practitioner Summary: Police officers report a high prevalence of musculoskeletal problems to the lower back, associated with prolonged driving and further investigation is needed to reduce injury risk. This simulated driving study investigated seat and duty belt configuration on biomechanical measures and discomfort. Seat design had the greatest impact, regardless of gender and males benefited more from a reduced belt configuration.     

空气间隔装药光面爆破在某巷道掘进中的应用

针对某巷道掘进周边孔光面爆破中出现的问题，应用空气间隔装药光面爆破技术及其对炸药传爆方式的改进，最终取得了比较好的爆破效果。实践证明，这项技术操作简单，爆破成本低，能够取得非常可观的经济效益，有很大的推广应用价值。     

固体润滑轴承在烧结机台车卡轮上的应用

简要介绍了固体润滑轴承的润滑机理，及其在烧结机台车卡轮上的应用情况。该技术在鞍钢、攀钢、莱钢、沙钢等厂烧结机台车上使用后，大幅度减少了台车的维护量．降低了生产成本，取得了良好的经济效益。