Preparation and Application of Diesel Microemulsion

The formation of water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion with a water phase and diesel oil as the oil phase, with the cationic surfactant oleinic acid and linoleinic acid and alcoholic cosurfactant, has been examined. The various factors that influence the amount of water added are studied. The experimental result shows that the quantity of ammonia and alcohol, the alcoholic cosurfactant chain length, and the concentration of the inorganic salt have substantial effects on the formation of the microemulsion and the amount of water added. The neutralization value of ammonia to oleinic acid has an optimum value at which the amount of solubilization water is the largest. The alcohols that have moderate carbon chain length can achieve a larger amount of solubilization water, among which n-butanol has the best effect. The addition of a certain amount of inorganic salt can increase the amount of water added. The mixed surfactant is superior to the single surfactant and there exists an optimum proportion. The amount of surfactant added could be decreased considerably by mixing the cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant together in a certain proportion. The action of ammonia, alcohol, and inorganic salt in the formation of the microemulsion is explained theoretically. The mechanism of interaction between the cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant is depicted in detail. The condensed diesel microemulsion was made and the method of the industrial application is discussed.     

P(DBF-VA)型柴油低温流动性改进剂的研制

针对新疆地产柴油蜡含量较高的特点,以游离基聚合法合成了富马酸双链混合酯和醋酸乙烯酯共聚物型[P(DBF-VA)]柴油低温流动改进剂,利用正交实验研究了单体配比,引发剂用量,溶剂用量,聚合温度对聚合物降冷滤效果的影响。共聚物用IR进行表征,利用XRD初步探讨了该降凝剂的降凝机理。结果表明:该剂能使吐哈—10~#、0~#柴油冷滤点降低10℃和7℃;使独山子0~#柴油冷滤点下降12℃;使石化0~#柴油冷滤点下降8℃;使克拉玛依0~#柴油的冷滤点下降8℃。     

柴油加氢装置设计和改造问题探讨

论述了产品质量指标的不确定性和产品质量指标越来越严格的趋势,认为柴油加氢新装置设计和老装置改造设计中,确定产品质量指标并根据此指标进行设计是非常必要的;新装置设计应考虑反应部分一步设计、分步实施的可行性,留有进一步脱芳烃和改质的余地;对老装置改造设计应根据其压力等级确定产品的质量目标.介绍了柴油加氢装置的典型流程、工艺流程的特点,对各加工方案工艺流程的选择原则、装置的设计要点进行了探讨.     

CF-4 5W/40柴油机油的粘温性能研究

对几种加氢裂化、加氢异构脱蜡及溶剂精制基础油作为CF-4 5W/40柴油机油的基础油进行筛选,并讨论分析了基础油、粘度指数改进剂、降凝剂、复合剂对低温动力粘度的影响,结果表明:影响油品低温动力粘度的主要因素是基础油、粘度指数改进剂及功能添加剂,其中基础油的影响最大。为调制大跨度粘度等级的CF-45W/40柴油机油提供了依据。     

用TEOST试验仪器评定柴油机油高温清净性方法的研究

介绍利用TEOST试验装置模拟评定柴油机油高温清净性的试验方法,试验结果与高档柴油机油台架试验相关联,为添加剂和柴油机油的开发和产品设计提供技术支持。     

FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的研究——(Ⅰ)叠合催化剂的研制

采用中孔γ-Al2O3为载体，以非贵金属Ni为活性金属组分，以金属Sn为助剂组分，制备了FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的催化剂。在实验室小型连续流动式固定床装置上，以FCC汽油为原料，考察了主活性金属负载量、助催化剂、催化剂制备条件对催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明，在活性金属Ni质量分数为8％，助催化剂Sn质量分数为1％，浸渍时间6h，焙烧温度500℃，焙烧时间4h的条件下，制备的叠合催化剂的催化性能最好。并对催化剂进行了1500h的稳定性试验和再生性能考察，结果表明该叠合催化剂具有良好的稳定性和再生性能。     

Study on Laboratory Method for Refining of SR Diesel Fuel

The method for refining the straight-run diesel fuel was studied in laboratory scale in order to make the acid number of diesel fraction comply with the standard while removing the naphthenic acids contained in diesel without causing environmental pollution. After comparing the effect of refining using three solvents, the isopropyl alcohol-HOA was specified as the best solvent. Meanwhile, the relationship between the acid number of diesel fraction and the amount of solvent used and the relationship between the concentration of solvent and temperature and the stability of diesel in terms of its acid number were also investigated. Experimental results had shown that when the mass fraction of the HOA-IPA solvent was 20% at a dosage of 17 mL of the solvent and a temperature of 30℃, the acid number of the refined diesel fraction was 0.015 mg KOH/g with a good stability of acidity in the diesel fraction,     

柴油加氢脱硫三集总动力学

采用固定床反应器,对加氢精制催化剂上的深度加氢脱硫(HDS)动力学进行研究,考察了反应温度、氢分压和空速对柴油脱硫效果的影响。根据柴油中各种硫化物的脱除行为,按被脱除的难易程度将柴油中的硫化物分为3类,构成三集总HDS模型,获得不同温度下的表观活化能(E)、指前因子(A)和对氢分压的分级数值。假定3类硫化物的活化能不变,将其指前因子与柴油的密度和馏程相关联,建立3个指前因子与中平均沸点的关系曲线,结合按温度切割的柴油窄馏分个数,建立三集总一级反应动力学模型,对方程进行了相关系数(R2)和残差检验。结果表明,所得动力学模型与实验数据吻合良好,在实际应用中可为开发新型超深度HDS催化剂及工艺提供理论指导。     

掺杂金属的碳化硼氮的制备及其对柴油中含硫化合物的吸附

用三聚氰胺与硼酸合成了一种具有新形貌的介孔碳化硼氮（CBN）材料,并在其中掺杂Ag、Ni、Cu,合成出掺杂金属的碳化硼氮（M-CBN）。采用N₂吸-脱附、SEM、XRD、NH3-TPD等手段对CBN与M-CBN进行了表征,考察了焙烧温度对CBN的影响及CBN与M-CBN对国V标准柴油中含硫化合物的吸附性能。结果表明,在890℃下焙烧制得的CBN比表面积高达1368 m2/g,3种掺杂不同金属的M CBN比表面积也均在1000 m2/g以上。CBN与M-CBN的形貌均为具有锋利边缘的类台阶状,且其孔径集中分布在3~10 nm之间。吸附过程为可自发进行的放热反应,15℃时的脱硫效果最佳。与CBN相比,M-CBN的总酸性位明显增多,吸附脱硫效果也更为优越,加入质量分数为1.25%的Ag-CBN吸附剂可使国V标准柴油中硫质量分数降至1 μg/g以下。Ag-CBN经4次再生循环使用后,脱硫率没有明显降低。     

柴油加氢装置掺炼沸腾床渣油加氢柴油馏分生产国Ⅴ柴油可行性研究

进行了柴油加氢装置掺炼沸腾床渣油加氢装置生产的柴油馏分(简称沸腾床加氢柴油),生产满足GB19147—2016车用柴油(Ⅴ)标准(国Ⅴ车用柴油标准)柴油的可行性研究。结果表明,常规柴油加氢装置掺炼一定比例的沸腾床加氢柴油馏分,可以生产出国Ⅴ车用柴油调合组分;直馏柴油掺炼30%沸腾床加氢柴油,在反应压力6.5MPa、体积空速1.5h~(-1)、反应温度360℃、氢油体积比500的条件下,精制柴油满足国Ⅴ车用柴油标准;混合柴油(直馏柴油、焦化柴油和催化裂化柴油的质量比为62∶25∶13)掺炼30%沸腾床加氢柴油,在反应压力7.3 MPa、体积空速1.0h~(-1)、反应温度355℃、氢油体积比500的条件下,可以生产出硫含量满足国Ⅴ标准的车用柴油调合组分。本研究结果可为沸腾床加氢柴油馏分的加工路线提供理论依据。