纳豆菌对景观水和污水的净水作用

分别采用固体培养法和液体培养法培养纳豆菌,将其投加到水样中,通过分析水样中氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮,以及CODM n和UV254的变化情况,研究了纳豆菌对景观水和自配污水的净化效果.实验结果表明,纳豆菌对景观水中亚硝酸盐氮的去除率可达86%,对硝酸盐氮的去除率达35%,由于景观水中有机物含量比较低,纳豆菌有机物降解作用不明显;对有机物含量很高的自配污水,纳豆菌能有效的降解水中有机物,CODM n去除率达51%,同时为反硝化作用提供能量,使硝酸盐氮的去除率达34%.     

混配柴油凝点及溶解度参数的分子模拟研究

石化柴油中添加少量生物柴油调配混配柴油是当前研究的一个热点.分别用单组分、3组分和5组分正构烷烃构建石化柴油模拟系统,以亚油酸甲酯（ML）构建单组份生物柴油模拟系统.按2％、4％、6％、8％和10％物质的量比添加ML于石化柴油模拟系统中构建不同比例的混配柴油系统.利用分子动力学方法对各种系统的凝点区间及溶解度参数进行了模拟计算.利用热容等4个性质联合判断出各系统的模拟凝点区间,发现,随着ML的添加,系统的凝点总体呈下降趋势,说明生物柴油确具有明显的降凝效果,添加生物柴油可以使柴油的低温流动性增加.相比较而言,采用3组分正构烷烃构建石化模拟系统更为合适.通过对293 K时3组分石化柴油系统添加不同比例的ML构成的混配柴油系统的溶解度参数进行分析,得出了当添加比例为4％时两种油品的相容性最佳的结论.     

MOF-199固载过氧化磷钨酸盐催化剂的制备及其在柴油脱硫中的应用

采用简易的原位合成法合成了过氧化磷钨酸盐(TBA)₃PW₄封装于MOF-199孔道内的固载型催化剂(TBA)₃PW₄@MOF-199,借助电感耦合等离子体(ICP)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及N₂吸附-脱附等温曲线(BET)等分析手段对催化剂样品(TBA)₃PW₄@MOF-199的组成、稳定性及形貌进行了表征。采用含苯并噻吩(BT)、二苯并噻吩(DBT)、4-甲基二苯并噻吩(4-MDBT)和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT) 4种硫源的多组分模拟柴油与萃取剂组成的液-液双相系统,以双氧水为氧化剂,对催化剂的脱硫活性进行了探究,并探讨了催化剂用量、氧化剂用量及反应温度对脱硫效率的影响。结果表明：在最佳反应条件(反应温度70 ℃、催化剂(TBA)₃PW₄@MOF-199用量40 mg、H₂O₂用量0.26 mmol、模拟柴油体积0.75 mL及萃取剂［Bmim］PF₆体积0.75 mL)下,催化剂(TBA)₃PW₄@MOF-199的脱硫效率可以在80 min内达到99.9%,同时重复使用8次,脱硫效率仍保持在91%以上。该催化剂优异的催化脱硫活性及稳定性使其在工业应用上具有一定的前景。     

上扬子地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组富有机质页岩岩相及沉积环境分析

贵州温水村剖面发育有一套完整的下寒武统牛蹄塘组富有机质黑色页岩,为厘清下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩岩相类型,明确不同岩相形成环境特征,通过采集25块该剖面页岩样品,进行岩石薄片观察、X射线衍射（全岩）分析、总有机碳含量（TOC）测定及主微量和稀土元素分析,划分出温水村剖面下寒武统页岩的岩相类型,并明确了该层位页岩的沉积环境和有机质富集特征,建立了沉积模式。根据TOC值、沉积构造和矿物组成,同时考虑岩石脆性特征,共划分出9类页岩岩相：①富有机质块状强脆性硅质细粒岩;②富有机质纹层状强脆性硅质页岩;③高有机质块状强脆性硅质细粒岩;④高有机质纹层状强脆性硅质页岩;⑤高有机质块状中等脆性硅/黏土混合质细粒岩;⑥中有机质块状强脆性硅质细粒岩;⑦中有机质纹层状强脆性硅质页岩;⑧低有机质块状强脆性硅质细粒岩;⑨低有机质纹层状中脆性硅/黏土混合质页岩。其中,前5类页岩相形成于深水缺氧、暖湿型气候和以低温热水沉积作用为主的环境,初级生产力和古盐度较高,有机质富集受控于古氧化还原条件、古生产力、古盐度、古水深、暖湿型气候和热液活动,而其他岩相有机质富集则不受热液活动影响,沉积环境初级生产力和古盐度有所下降;建立了一个受氧化还原条件、古生产力、古盐度、热液活动及暖湿型气候影响的深水陆棚相沉积模式。     

Modeling drop breakage using the full energy spectrum and a specific realization of turbulence anisotropy

The assumption of homogeneous isotropic turbulence when modeling drop breakage in industrially relevant geometries is questionable. We describe the development of an anisotropic breakage model, where the anisotropy is introduced via the inclusion of a perturbed turbulence spectrum. The selection of the perturbed spectrum is itself motivated by our previous large-eddy simulations of high-pressure homogenizers. The model redistributes energy from small to large scales, and assumes that the anisotropic part of the Reynolds stresses is confined to the energy-containing range. The second-order structure function arising from the perturbed spectrum is used in the standard framework of Coulaloglou and Tavlarides to calculate breakage frequency. While the base model exhibits non-monotonic behavior (by predicting a maximum value for a certain drop size), the effect of anisotropy is shown to increase breakage frequency in length scales larger than this peak, thereby reducing non-monotonicity. This effect is more pronounced for small turbulence Reynolds numbers.     

Improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by ternary blending with bio-based alcohols and diesel from direct coal liquefaction

The utilization and popularization of biodiesel are always limited by its poor cold flow properties. Both bio-based alcohol and diesel from direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) has potential to enhance the cold flow properties of biodiesel. In this study, ternary blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (BWCO) with DDCL and bio-based ethanol (ET) or 1-butanol (BT) were conducted to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. The pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and cloud point (CP) of BWCO-ET, BWCO-BT, and BWCO-DDCL binary blends, and BWCO-ET-DDCL and BWCO-BT-DDCL ternary blends were comparatively assessed. Ternary phase diagrams were also applied to analyze the blending effect of the three components on the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Results showed that both DDCL, ET, and BT can remarkably enhance the cold flow properties of BWCO. When the ternary blends contain 20 vol.% BWCO and less than 40 vol.% ET or BT, DDCL together with ET or BT exerted positive effects on enhancing the low-temperature flow properties of BWCO, especially on the CP and CFPP. For ternary blends in 20:10:70 blending ratio, BWCO-BT-DDCL exhibited the lowest PP, CFPP, and CP of −23, −19, and −17°C, respectively. The crystallization behavior and crystal morphology of blended fuels are also observed via a polarizing optical microscope, and find that DDCL together with BT in biodiesel can effectively retard the aggregation of large crystals and inhibit crystals growth.     

蠕墨铸铁CA6110柴油机缸体的试验研究

在现有汽缸体高压造型生产线上进行大马力柴油机蠕墨铸铁缸体的试验,试验铁液化学成分w为3.6%~3.9%C;2.2%~2.4%Si;0.2%~0.5%Mn;P≤0.06%;S≤0.03%,采用自行研制的成分为8%~10%Mg,2%~3%RE的蠕化剂进行冲入法蠕化处理,同时加入0.8%~1.0%Cu和0.03%~0.05%Sn,成功的铸造出蠕墨铸铁CA6110柴油机缸体。对附铸试样和铸件本体进行了金相组织和力学性能检测,结果表明,试样的的蠕化率可达80%~85%,珠光体含量达80%~85%,力学性能σb>480 MPa,δ=1.0%~1.5%,180~200 HBS;缸体铸件本体的蠕化率同样为80%~85%,硬度可达197~214 HBS。试验结果表明:采用的铸造工艺方案是合理的,在铁液中加入的Cu和Sn可明显增加蠕墨铸铁的珠光体数量,提高抗拉强度和硬度,满足大马力柴油机对性能的要求。     

CREEP DEFORMATION OF INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS

ＣＲＥＥＰＤＥＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＭＥＴＡＬＬＩＣＡＬＬＯＹＳＧｅｒｈａｒｄＳａｕｔｈｏｆｆ（Ｍａｘ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ－ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｆｕｒＥｉｓｅｎｆｏｒｓｃｈｕｎｇＧｍｂＨ．，Ｄ－４００７４Ｄｕｓｓｅｌｄｏｒｆ，Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ）Ａｂｓｔ...     

TiB2/Cu复合材料用于电火花加工电极的可行性探讨

从分析电火花加工对电极材料的基本要求入手，结合TiB2／Cu复合材料在目前制备工艺条件下所获得的电学、力学性能等特性，采用对比研究的方法，探讨将其作为电火花加工电极材料的可行性。     

船用中速柴油机定时齿轮罩壳均衡凝固工艺

通过对定时齿轮罩壳的结构分析,采用大孔出流理论设计浇注系统,根据均衡凝固有限补缩原理,设计出气冒口,实现薄壁壳体的浇口当冒口铸造工艺,提高铸件成品率,降低铸件的成本.