Fabrication and amplification of Rhodamine B‐doped step‐index polymer optical fiber

A step‐index polymer optical fiber (SI POF) containing Rhodamine B in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been fabricated by a preform technique. Fluorescence of different fiber lengths were observed and discussed. A high gain (23 dB) for a SI POF with 60‐cm length, 400‐μm diameter was obtained. The Rhodamine B content of the doped SI POF is 5 ppm‐wt. The signal wavelength providing the highest gain for a 60 cm SI POF is around 630 nm, and the optimum fiber length is about 60 cm at 10 kW launched pump power. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 681–685, 2004     

Studies of wool keratin by EPR spectroscopy

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests were conducted on four kinds of interrelated samples—natural undyed wool fibers (SW3, SW5), fibers dyed with model direct dyes (1W, 5W), fibers treated destructively with formic acid for descaling and dyed with the same dyes (K1W, K5W), and the dyes themselves (1%). For all samples, a radical signal of g = 2.007 was detected. The presence of Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions in the wool fiber structure was postulated. Modifications of disulfide regions of fiber matrix were also analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1459–1465, 2006     

Modification of cellulose fiber with silk sericin

Cellulose fiber surface was modified with silk sericin (or simply, sericin). Sericin fixation on cellulose was confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR). Sericin content in finished samples was estimated by dyeing treated fabrics with an acid dye, Supranol Bordeaux B, and determining K/S and L values of the dyed fabrics. The treated fabrics were tested for free formaldehyde content, crease recovery, tensile strength, electrical resistance, water retention, and biocidal activity. From ESEM and FTIR‐ATR results, it was found that sericin coated onto cotton surfaces as a film. Increasing sericin content in the finishing solution increased the amount of coated sericin, and a greater depth of color in dyed samples and reduced free formaldehyde content in treated samples were observed. The sericin content in samples was found to have a negligible influence on tensile strength and crease recovery angle. With increasing sericin content, electrical resistivity of the samples dramatically decreased and water retention increased, indicating that sericin‐treated fabrics may be comfortable to wear because of its maintenance of moisture balance with respect to human skin. Because cotton textile coated with sericin exhibited low formaldehyde content and no biocidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, the fabric may reduce skin irritation and disturbance of physiological skin flora arising from textile contact. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1421–1428, 2005     

双活性基活性染料真丝绸染色工艺研究

双活性基活性染料用于真丝绸染色有诸多影响因素：缚酸剂用碳酸氢钠比碳酸钠的固色率高用量在2％～4％，pH为8～9时最为合适：染色温度从60℃升到85℃时固色率提高3％～8％，超过85℃时易造成“灰伤”．当元明粉的用量从30g／l升到60g／l时上染率和固色率提高10％。随着浴比的增加，其固色率会有不同程度的降低，在实验条件下，浴比为1：40最好。通过上染曲线，讨论了染色过程的控制。     

气相色谱-质谱选择离子法测定氧化型染发剂中9种组分

本文采用气相色谱 质谱选择离子存储法 (SIS)同时测定氧化型染发剂中 9种组分。用乙酸乙酯为提取剂来进行超声提取 ,9种组分的平均回收率 (n =9)在 96.0 3 %～ 1 0 0 .4%之间 ,相对标准偏差 (n =9)为 0 .5 1 %～ 2 .98% ,最低检测限为 0 .5mg/L～ 1 .0mg/L。方法简单、快速、准确。     

Effect of low‐temperature plasma and chitosan treatment on wool dyeing with Acid Red 27

This study examines in detail the influence of low‐temperature plasma and biopolymer chitosan treatments on wool dyeability. Wool knitted fabrics were treated and characterized by whiteness and shrink‐resistance measurements. Surface modification was assessed by contact‐angle measurements of human hair fibers, which were used as a model to study the wetting properties of the treated wool knitted fabrics. The dyeing behavior was assessed from the diffusion mechanism point of view. The dyeing kinetics were measured at two different pHs (4.2 and 6.5) and three different temperatures (60, 85, and 100°C) to gain information about the contribution of the surface modification treatment to the dyeing mechanism. The exhaustion and reflectance data were compared, and the apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated. On the basis of the obtained results, a model for the dyeing mechanism of the chitosan treated wool was proposed. When treated with chitosan, the polymer sheath spread on the surface of the fibers acted as a predominant dyeing site in very short dyeing times, thus interacting with the dye and in later stages imparting the dye to the wool fiber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2204–2214, 2005     

Prediction of Experimental Methanol Decomposition Rates on Platinum from First Principles

A microkinetic model for methanol decomposition on platinum is presented. The model incorporates competitive decomposition pathways, beginning with both O–H and C–H bond scission in methanol, and uses results from density functional theory (DFT) calculations [Greeley and Mavrikakis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 7193, Greeley and Mavrikakis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 3910]. Results from reaction kinetics experiments show that the rate of H₂ production increases with increasing temperature and methanol concentration in the feed and is only nominally affected by the presence of CO or H₂ with methanol. The model, based on the values of binding energies, pre-exponential factors and activation energy barriers derived from first principles calculations, accurately predicts experimental reaction rates and orders. The model also gives insight into the most favorable reaction pathway, the rate-limiting step, the apparent activation energy, coverages, and the effects of pressure. It is found that the pathway beginning with the C–H bond scission (CH₃OH→H₂COH→HCOH→CO) is dominant compared with the path beginning with O–H bond scission. The cleavage of the first C–H bond in methanol is the rate-controlling step. The surface is highly poisoned by CO, whereas COH appears to be a spectator species.     

对二甲苯直接电解氧化反应的研究

研究了在有机溶剂、支持电解质和碳棒存在下，对二甲苯的直接电解氧化反应，使用GC－MS方法分析鉴定了主要电解氧化产物，讨论了电解氧化产物成分随电解时间的变化规律，提出了对二甲苯的直接电解氧化反应过程。     

近红外吸收功能染料的合成

以缩合剂1，5-二苯胺-戊-1，3-二烯盐酸化物与1，3，3，5-四甲基-2-亚甲基吲哚啉为主要原料合成了1，3，3．5，1’，3’，3’，5'-八甲基吲哚三碳菁近红外吸收染料，收率达61．5％，采用熔点测定、元素分析、IR验证了产品的结构。通过电子吸收光谱测得其最大吸收波长为760nm。     

Analysis of the polyethylene glycol glucosides and FA esters thereof by atmospheric-pressure ionization MS

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) glucosides (PEGG) and the PEGG esters of lauric acid were analyzed by atmospheric-pressure ionization MS (API-MS) with electrospray ionization. Straightforward mass characterization of the complex mixtures could be achieved without prior chromatographic separation. The constituents were identified on the basis of quasi-molecular ions. Individual components could be observed as protonated molecular ions [M+H]⁺ and/or as their NH₄ ⁺, Na⁺, or K⁺ adducts in positive ion mode. The mass spectrometric investigation showed that mixtures of PEGG consisted of monoglucoside, diglucoside, polyglucoside, and free PEG. The esterification product is a mixture of two types of nonionic surfactants: PEG-laurates and PEGG-laurates. The reasons for distortion of the quasi-molecular ion intensities and the stabilization of adduct ions were discussed. The rapid and highly sensitive API-MS analysis technique proposed here is well suited for direct characterization of complex mixtures and suitable for development as a routine analytical method.