脉冲电场对大豆分离蛋白分散体系颗粒粒径的影响

本实验研究了高强脉冲电场(PEF)处理对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)多分散体系及其11 S和7 S亚基分散体系颗粒粒径分布的影响。结果表明,随着脉冲电场场强的增大,大豆分离蛋白分散体系颗粒粒径明显变小。大豆分离蛋白多分散体系及7S分散体系的多相分散指数(PDI)随着脉冲场强的增大而先增大后减小,但都大于未处理样;对于11S分散体系, PDI值却随着脉冲场强的增大而先减小后增大。同时发现20～100nm区间内的蛋白质颗粒数目增多,说明脉冲电场处理对蛋白质胶体的粒度分布有较大影响,推测可能增强体系胶体性质。     

Dispersion mechanism of nano-magnetite coated with oleate in aqueous carrier

To investigate dispersion mechanism of water-based ferrofluid, the effects of electrolytes on the dispersibility of ferrofluid in the dispersing system with different pH values were discussed. The ζ-potential of magnetic nano-particles was measured to discover the adsorbent state of oleate group on the surface of magnetite particles. The mechanism that coexisting electrolyte influences the dispersibility was studied. The results show that the electrolyte affects the stability of ferrofluid through an effect on the structure of surfactant bilayer adsorption, which was proved by ζ-potential measured. The associated mechanism of steric and electrostatic is dominant in aqueous ferrofluid.     

石墨烯在PAO基础油中的摩擦学性能

为了改善石墨烯在润滑油中的分散稳定性,利用一种高分子量丁二酰亚胺（分散剂A）辅助石墨烯分散于聚α-烯烃（PAO4）基础油中,采用紫外-可见分光光度法对其分散稳定性进行了监测,并使用UMT-3多功能摩擦试验仪和ContourGT-K型三维轮廓仪考察了石墨烯/PAO4分散液的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对磨痕表面的形貌和元素组成进行定性和定量分析。结果表明：分散剂A可有效提高石墨烯在PAO4中的分散稳定性,加入分散剂A后,石墨烯/PAO4分散液静置一周后的相对浓度为0.667,是未加分散剂的分散液的7.8倍;石墨烯作为润滑油添加剂能显著提升摩擦磨损性能,添加0.8 mg/mL的石墨烯和质量分数为0.2%的分散剂A,跑合期从670 s缩短至250 s,磨损体积减少了55%。     

衣康酸改性聚环氧琥珀酸的合成及其阻垢缓蚀性能的研究

目的为了拓宽聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)的应用范围,合成了衣康酸改性聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物(IA-PESA),拟提高PESA的阻垢缓蚀性能。方法用顺酐合成环氧琥珀酸(ESA)和聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA),再利用ESA与衣康酸(IA)聚合制得IA-PESA,研究了IA-PESA的阻垢和缓蚀等综合性能。用FT-IR对PESA和IA-PESA进行表征。用黏度法测定了PESA和IA-PESA的分子量。结果在静态阻垢实验中,对CaCO_3阻垢率达到90%以上,对CaSO_4阻垢率高达95%,甚至100%。IA-PESA分散Fe(Ⅲ)和稳定Zn~(2+)性能明显好于PESA。在静态失重实验中,当IA-PESA与PESA的用量均为150 mg/L时,加IA-PESA的腐蚀速率明显小于加PESA的腐蚀速率。对钙垢和腐蚀试片的SEM研究表明,IA-PESA使致密度较高、晶格结构规整的CaCO_3和CaSO_4钙垢改变为致密度较低、疏松、形状不规整的晶型结构。IA-PESA使试片未发生均匀腐蚀和点蚀,表面光滑。结论在相同测试条件下,IA-PESA的阻垢、缓蚀、分散Fe(Ⅲ)和稳定锌性能都好于PESA,改变了设备表面钙垢的晶型结构,减少了垢下腐蚀,缓蚀作用明显。     

粗纤度PVA纤维混凝土力学性能试验分析

将粗纤度聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维加入混凝土中,采用搅拌试验方法分析PVA纤维在混凝土中的分散性;对比不同纤维体积分数下PVA纤维混凝土的坍落度分析其可施工性;对比不同纤维体积分数PVA纤维混凝土的抗压、抗弯拉及劈裂抗拉强度和破坏状态来探索其综合力学性能。试验结果表明:PVA纤维在混凝土搅拌过程中分布较均匀不易结团;相对素混凝土,PVA纤维混凝土的坍落度略有下降;抗压强度无明显提高,抗弯拉及劈裂抗拉强度随着纤维体积分数增加呈二次函数增大。     

Manipulating the chemical affinity and kinetics of 3D silica particle network via the phase-separation technique

We developed a simple and versatile technique for a particle’s self-organizing-network based on a non-solvent induced micro-phase separation (NIPS). When a good solvent vaporizes from a particle dispersion in a ternary solution including the polymer, good solvent and non-solvent, the suspension is separated into the polymer network and non-solvent phase. If the affinity between the particles and polymer is sufficient enough, the particles are entrapped in the polymer network and particle network can be achieved. To expand this technique to particles with various physical properties, the surface of the particles was identified using the Hansen dispersibility parameter (HDP). From a comparison of the HDP of the unmodified and modified silica, an NH₂ group is suitable for entrapment of the silica by cellulose acetate as the polymer. However, with an increase in number of the silica particles, entrapment of the silica in the polymer was prevented. Control of the phase separation rate by the lowering temperature leaded to entrapment of silica particles in the polymer network. The proposed technique is effective not only for spherical oxide particles, but also for non-oxides, various shapes and structures. Depending on particle characteristics, functional films and bulk materials for thermal insulation, light diffusion, and electro conductivity can be obtained.     

Co-processing as a tool to improve aqueous dispersibility of cellulose ethers

Cellulose ethers are important materials with numerous applications in pharmaceutical industry. They are widely employed as stabilizers and viscosity enhancers for dispersed systems, binders in granulation process and as film formers for tablets. These polymers, however, exhibit challenge during preparation of their aqueous dispersions. Rapid hydration of their surfaces causes formation of a gel that prevents water from reaching the inner core of the particle. Moreover, the surfaces of these particles become sticky, thus leading to agglomeration, eventually reducing their dispersion kinetics. Numerous procedures have been tested to improve dispersibility of cellulose ethers. These include the use of cross-linking agents, alteration in the synthesis process, adjustment of water content of cellulose ether, modification by attaching hydrophobic substituents and co-processing using various excipients. Among these, co-processing has provided the most encouraging results. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the poor dispersibility of cellulose ethers and the role of co-processing technologies in overcoming the challenge. An attempt has been made to highlight various co-processing techniques and specific role of excipients used for co-processing.     

Metal Ion-induced Gelation of High-concentration Graphite-like Crystalline Nanosheet Aqueous Suspensions

The stability and transformation of nanomaterial aqueous suspensions are essential for their applications. Preparation of high-concentration carbon nanomaterials suspensions remains challenging due to their nonpolar nature. Herein, 200 mg mL⁻¹ carbon nanomaterial aqueous suspensions are achieved by using graphite-like crystalline nanosheets (GCNs) with high hydrophilicity. Furthermore, these high-concentration GCN aqueous suspensions spontaneously transform into gels when induced by mono-, di-, and trivalent metal salt electrolytes at room temperature. Theoretical calculation of potential energy by DLVO theory reveals that the gelatinized GCNs is a new and metastable state between two usual forms of solution and coagulation. It is shown that the gelation of GCNs is due to the preferential orientation of nanosheets in an edge-edge arrangement, which differs from the case of solution and coagulation. High-temperature treatment of GCN gels produces metal/carbon materials with pore structures. This work provides a promising opportunity to create various metal/carbon functional materials.     

不同改性方式对发泡剂在铝熔体中分散性的影响

采用新型发泡剂制备了泡沫铝,研究了包覆改性和混合改性两种改性方式对新型发泡剂在铝熔体中分散性的影响。结果表明,采用Al溶胶和Si溶胶对新型发泡剂进行包覆改性处理,发泡剂分散性差,所制备的泡沫铝存在较多大孔和裂纹;采用TiB2粉末和AlSi合金粉末混合改性处理新型发泡剂时,发泡剂分散性良好,并且随着TiB2和AlSi含量的增加得到的泡沫铝样品裂纹明显减少、泡体趋于均匀,但孔隙率逐渐降低。相比较而言,合金粉末混合改性法比溶胶包覆改性法使发泡剂的分散更均匀,制备的泡沫铝裂纹较少,且泡体结构较均匀。     

微纤化纤维素/线性低密度聚乙烯复合材料

微纤化纤维素（MFC）具有优良的力学性能,常被用作增强体制备复合材料,但MFC容易团聚影响其增强能力。本研究对MFC进行低温冷冻干燥处理（FDMFC）,用微型锥形双螺杆挤出机将FDMFC与线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）熔融复合,并用热压-冷压的方式制备FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料,对其力学性能、动态热力学性能（DMA）、热分解过程及冷冻干燥处理的FDMFC在LLDPE基体中的分散状态进行了测试。结果表明:相对于未冷冻干燥处理的MFC,FDMFC在LLDPE基体中的分散性得到明显改善,添加一定量的FDMFC可有效提高FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料的力学性能。当FDMFC的添加量为10wt%时,相较于纯LLDPE,FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料的拉伸强度提高了60.3%,杨氏模量提高了161.9%。DMA测试结果表明,随着FDMFC含量的增加,FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料的储能模量和损耗模量都有所提高。热重分析结果表明,FDMFC的加入提高了FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料的热解温度,最大热解温度提高了14℃。