基于衍射色散原理的光谱共焦位移测量技术综述

位移检测技术是几何量精密测量的基础,在当代精密制造领域应用广泛。光谱共焦位移测量技术具有对环境杂散光、被测物倾斜、材料类型不敏感,测量频率高以及分辨率高等优点,可以检测位移量、表面粗糙度、三维形貌以及单层或多层透明材料的厚度,在精密位移测量领域中占据重要地位。近年来,利用衍射光学元件提高光学系统性能的光谱共焦测量技术被广泛研究。文章综述了基于衍射色散原理的光谱共焦位移测量技术的研究进展。首先,介绍了光谱共焦位移测量原理和衍射光学元件的色散特性;其次,阐述了基于衍射色散原理的光谱共焦位移测量技术的发展历史及研究进展;最后展望了该技术的发展趋势。     

一种双梁互补式光纤光栅位移传感器及在地铁隧道变形监测中的应用

本文提出了一种双梁互补式光纤光栅(fiber Bragg grating, FBG)位移传感器,实现了正负双向位移的测量。采用双“悬臂梁+楔形滑块”的结构,当一个悬臂梁受位移作用处于变形状态时,另一个悬臂梁不变形并提供温度补偿功能。传感器处于零值测点状态时,两个悬臂梁处于零弯曲状态,且双梁互为温度补偿,消除了温度影响。通过性能测试实验证明,该传感器在±50的量程内,灵敏度为29.369 pm/mm,测量重复性好。制备出8个传感器应用于某市地铁的变形安全监测,从道床沉降、道床环缝、管片环缝3个方面开展了变形测量。在长期监测期间,传感器工作稳定,被测结构变形状态稳定,表明该传感器具有良好的测量性能,适用于长期的结构健康监测。     

CMOS图像传感器辐照损伤效应仿真模拟研究进展

CMOS图像传感器(CIS)工作在空间辐射或核辐射环境中遭受的辐照损伤问题备受关注。对CIS辐照损伤效应进行仿真模拟研究有助于深入揭示辐照损伤机理,进而开展抗辐射加固设计,有效提升CIS抗辐照能力。文章通过梳理国内外开展CIS辐照损伤效应仿真模拟研究方面的进展情况,结合课题组已开展的电子元器件辐照效应仿真模拟和实验研究基础,从CIS器件建模、时序驱动电路建模、辐照损伤效应建模、仿真模拟结果校验等方面探讨了CIS辐照损伤效应的仿真模拟方法,分析总结了当前CIS辐照效应仿真模拟研究中亟待解决的关键技术问题。     

Anticipating Cutoff Diameters in Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) Microfluidic Devices for an Optimized Particle Separation

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices enable to separate nanometer to micrometer‐sized particles around a cutoff diameter, during their transport through a microfluidic channel with slanted rows of pillars. In order to design appropriate DLD geometries for specific separation sizes, robust models are required to anticipate the value of the cutoff diameter. So far, the proposed models result in a single cutoff diameter for a given DLD geometry. This paper shows that the cutoff diameter actually varies along the DLD channel, especially in narrow pillar arrays. Experimental and numerical results reveal that the variation of the cutoff diameter is induced by boundary effects at the channel side walls, called the wall effect. The wall effect generates unexpected particle trajectories that may compromise the separation efficiency. In order to anticipate the wall effect when designing DLD devices, a predictive model is proposed in this work and has been validated experimentally. In addition to the usual geometrical parameters, a new parameter, the number of pillars in the channel cross dimension, is considered in this model to investigate its influence on the particle trajectories.     

Weight function,stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement solutions to periodic collinear edge hole cracks

Periodic collinear edge hole cracks and arbitrary small cracks emanating from collinear holes, which are two typical multiple site damages occurred in the aircraft structures, are studied by using the weigh function method. An explicit closed form weight function for periodic edge hole cracks in an infinite sheet is obtained and further used to calculate the stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement for various loading cases. Compared to finite element method, the present weight function is accurate and highly efficient. The interactions of the holes and cracks on the stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement are quantitatively determined by using the present weight function. An approximate weight function method is also proposed for arbitrary small cracks emanating from multiple collinear holes. This method is very useful for calculating the stress intensity factor for arbitrary small cracks.     

The Grid Method for In‐plane Displacement and Strain Measurement: A Review and Analysis

The grid method is a technique suitable for the measurement of in‐plane displacement and strain components on specimens undergoing a small deformation. It relies on a regular marking of the surfaces under investigation. Various techniques are proposed in the literature to retrieve these sought quantities from images of regular markings, but recent advances show that techniques developed initially to process fringe patterns lead to the best results. The grid method features a good compromise between measurement resolution and spatial resolution, thus making it an efficient tool to characterise strain gradients. Another advantage of this technique is the ability to establish closed‐form expressions between its main metrological characteristics, thus enabling to predict them within certain limits. In this context, the objective of this paper is to give the state of the art in the grid method, the information being currently spread out in the literature. We propose first to recall various techniques that were used in the past to process grid images, to focus progressively on the one that is the most used in recent examples: the windowed Fourier transform. From a practical point of view, surfaces under investigation must be marked with grids, so the techniques available to mark specimens with grids are presented. Then we gather the information available in the recent literature to synthesise the connection between three important characteristics of full‐field measurement techniques: the spatial resolution, the measurement resolution and the measurement bias. Some practical information is then offered to help the readers who discover this technique to start using it. In particular, programmes used here to process the grid images are offered to the readers on a dedicated website. We finally present some recent examples available in the literature to highlight the effectiveness of the grid method for in‐plane displacement and strain measurement in real situations.     

第三代激光干涉仪

微片激光自混合干涉仪原理上与迈克尔荪干涉仪不同。主要差别是：激光自混合干涉仪的光束照射在被测物上并被反射回激光器被激光器内放大介质放大。作者课题组研究的的激光自混合干涉仪的测量速度达到了1 m/s以上,10 m空程的环境误差小到了40 nm。它具有全固态,可测“黑”目标的位移等性能,又达到了传统激光干涉仪的技术指标。如果第一代光学干涉仪是以光谱灯做光源,第二代光学干涉仪是以HeNe气体激光器做光源的话,固体激光自混合干涉仪因其激光“自混合”原理可看成是第三代激光干涉仪。     

多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互连导线拉伸时3D变形行为研究

目的 探究多孔聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)基底复合柔性互连导线的透气性能和延展性能,以使其更好地应用在医疗领域。方法 本文采用三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)方法检测了25 ℃下不同孔隙率的多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互连导线单轴拉伸过程中导线与基底的面内应变失配和离面位移特征。在此基础上,本文引入平均位移(wm)和位移幅(wa)作为量化表征复合柔性电子离面变形的指标,并结合多孔PDMS基底的气密性实验结果评价了不同导线样品。结果 研究结果表明,多孔PDMS材料作为基底能显著降低复合柔性电子的离面变形程度,并使复合柔性电子具有良好的透气性。在相同拉伸载荷(20 N)和拉伸距离下,PDMS与去离子水质量比为6∶1时的多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互联导线具有稳定的离面变形变化量。结论 多孔PDMS基底复合柔性电子不仅具有良好的透气性,而且可以有效地增强金属互联层与柔性基底的粘连程度。本文所获得的PDMS与去离子水最佳掺杂质量比,可为制造高延展性多孔基底柔性电子器件提供参考。     

车用柴油机电控喷油系统齿条位移反馈控制研究

介绍了齿条位移反馈控制器的设计,包括开环系统性能分析、系统建模和控制参数整定。设计的直接数字式ＰＩ控制器使得闭环控制系统的静、动态特性满足柴油机喷油电控的要求。     

求Sylvester矩阵逆矩阵的快速算法

本文利用m+n阶Sylvester矩阵的位移结构并在假设该矩阵的所有顺序主子矩阵可逆的条件下给出了求解Sylvester矩阵的逆的一种快速算法.该算法所需计算量为O(m+n)~2,而高斯-约当消去法所需计算量为O(m+n)~3.最后通过数值算例说明了算法的有效性.