微功耗智能压力测量接口电路设计

给出一种智微功耗能仪表中的压力接口电路 .它的关键技术包括 :控制传感器激励源 ;充分利用LPC76 4内部软硬件资源组成双积分式A D转换电路 ;外围元件低电压、微功耗的简约设计以及在软件上设置”休眠陷阱”等等 .其结果使测压接口电路的平均电流在 6 0 μA以下 .     

Scaling of energy dissipation in crushing and fragmentation: a fractal and statistical analysis based on particle size distribution

An extensive experimental investigation on concrete specimens under crushing and fragmentation over a large scale range (1:10) – exploring even very small specimen dimensions (1 cm) – was carried out to evaluate the influence of fragment size distribution on energy density dissipation and related size effect. To obtain a statistically significant fragment production as well as the total energy dissipated in a given specimen, the experimental procedure was unusually carried out up to a strain of approximately –95%, practically corresponding to the initial fragment compaction between the loading platens. The experimental fragment analysis suggests a fractal law for the distribution in particle size; this simply means that fragments derived from a given specimen appear geometrically self-similar at each observation scale. In addition, clear size effects on dissipated energy density are experimentally observed. Fractal concepts permit to quantify the correlation between fragment size distribution and size effect on dissipated energy density, the latter being governed by the total surface area of produced fragments. The experimental results agree with the proposed multi-scale interpretation satisfactorily.     

Application of a Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Damper Distribution within the Nonlinear Seismic Benchmark Building

This paper presents a systematic method for identifying the optimal damper distribution to control the seismic response of a 20-story benchmark building. A genetic algorithm with integer representation was used to determine the damper locations. Both H2- and H∞-norms of the linear system transfer function were utilized as the objective functions. Moreover, frequency weighting was incorporated into the objective functions so that the genetic algorithm emphasized minimization of the response in the second mode of vibration instead of the dominant first mode. The results from numerical simulations of the nonlinear benchmark building show that, depending on the objective function used, the optimal damper locations can vary significantly. However, most of dampers tend to be concentrated in the lowermost and uppermost stories. In general, the damper configurations evaluated herein performed well in terms of reducing the seismic response of the benchmark building in comparison to the uncontrolled building.     

Dissipation of Turbulent Kinetic Energy near a Bubble Plume

Profiles of the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy were inferred from temperature microstructure measurements near a bubble plume at the center of a tank with diameter of 13.7 m and maximum depth of 8.3 m. Six sets of between 18 and 51 profiles were collected at airflow rates of 0.1–0.6 L/s, measured at atmospheric pressure, and ensemble-averaged dissipation profiles were calculated. The dissipation in all cases was between 10?8 and 10?6?m2/s3 in most of the profile, but it increased sharply near the water surface. Energy considerations are used to discuss the experimental results in terms of previous numerical models of bubble plume turbulence. Two previous numerical studies show that the turbulence dissipates between 15 and 30% of the available power. In the experiments, the fraction is less than 1% because some of the energy of the plume is used to generate waves on the water surface and the profiles used to compute the volume-averaged dissipation were relatively far from the bubble plume.     

盾构隧道同步注浆浆液压力时空分布规律

盾构隧道施工过程中同步注浆浆液压力变化对邻近管片结构内力分布有较大影响,为实现对注浆压力的精细化控制,保证盾构安全掘进,研究浆液压力的时空分布规律.在考虑浆液粘度和地层渗透系数时变性的基础上,统一了同步注浆过程中浆液填充、扩散与消散过程,得到了浆液压力沿管片环向与纵向分布的理论计算式.依托工程实例及浆液流变试验结果,建立数值模型,得到了浆液压力沿管片三维时空分布规律.研究表明:同步注浆过程中浆液固结及注浆压力的衰减对浆液压力分布影响较大.浆液粘度增大,浆液流动性与地层渗透系数逐渐减小,使浆液压力沿管片扩散及消散幅度减小,进而影响管片内力分布.考虑了浆液压力时空变化特性的计算模型使管片受力特征与现场实测结果更加接近.研究成果为精细化分析施工阶段管片受力提供了计算依据.     

钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁抗震性能试验研究

为改善小跨高比钢筋混凝土连梁的抗震性能,考虑基体材料与钢板的影响。本文提出新型钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁,并对普通混凝土双连梁、内置钢板-混凝土组合双连梁和钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁试件进行了低周反复加载试验,对双连梁的破坏过程、破坏形态、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等进行研究。结果表明：除了普通混凝土双连梁试件发生剪切破坏之外,内置钢板-混凝土组合双连梁试件发生弯剪破坏,钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁试件发生延性较好的弯曲破坏;加入钢板后的钢板-组合双连梁试件在峰值点处的承载力相对普通混凝土双连梁提高将近1.56倍,与钢板-纤维增强混凝土试件峰值点处承载力相差不大,表明钢板的内置可以改善双连梁开缝引起的内力损伤,纤维的加入对组合双连梁承载力提高影响不大。在破坏点处,钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁试件的累积耗能分别是普通混凝土双连梁、内置钢板-混凝土组合双连梁试件的5.26和2.2倍,表现出较好的承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力。直到试件到达最终破坏时,钢板-纤维增强混凝土组合双连梁表面混凝土仍然保持完整,从而可以达到减小甚至避免了混凝土开裂破坏,减少震后修复费用,为组合双连梁的实际应用提供一定的理论基础。     

低Fr数消能规律研究

通过试验研究找出了低佛氏数水跃消能与一般水跃消能规律的本质区别，得出了低佛氏数水跃在跃后段随着Fr数的减小而出现的水面波动能、断面流速分布、跃后段长度、底流速等水力要素的变化特点，分析了低Fr数水跃消能的一些工程措施。     

掺气分流墩与消力池联合应用消能机理分析与试验验证

采用附加射流水跃理论对掺气分流墩与消力池联合应用的消能机理进行了分析,并通过模型试验对理论分析及消能效率进行了验证.结果表明,采用掺气分流墩设施,可增进消力池的消能作用,并取得显著的经济效益,达到附加射流水跃理论所预期的效果.     

重力热管蒸汽发生器热力学分析

为挖掘热管蒸汽发生器回收余热的潜能,基于耗散理论,对不考虑黏性耗散影响和考虑黏性耗散影响的两种情况,分别推导出无量纲参数（耗散数和耗散数）的表达式,并结合工程案例,分析了热管蒸汽发生器烟气侧入口处迎风面流速、热管外径及热管蒸发段长度等参数对耗散数和耗散数的影响,并给出一些有关热管蒸汽发生器设计的建议.研究表明：当不考虑黏性耗散影响时,耗散数和耗散数的变化趋势与温度耗散的变化趋势相同;当考虑黏性耗散影响时,耗散数和耗散数的变化趋势与温度耗散和压力耗散乘积的变化趋势相同,且耗散数比耗散数对迎风面流速、热管外径和热管蒸发段长度等参数变化的响应更敏感.上述方法为热管余热回收装置的热力学性能研究提供了参考.     

高拱坝表孔宽尾墩体型优化试验研究

高拱坝表孔溢流坝面短,作用水头低,堰前行进水流具有向心倾向.宽尾墩消能工应用在高拱坝泄洪表孔必须与此特点相适应.本文对宽尾墩应用在高拱坝坝顶泄洪表孔的体型布置进行了试验研究.结果表明,宽尾墩应用在高拱坝表孔时,出口角度不宜采用挑角,而应采用俯角:采用较大的宽尾墩墩尾折角有利于水流的纵向扩散和减小水垫塘底板冲击动压;同时为避免拱坝曲率造成的水流径向集中现象,两边表孔宽尾墩应采用非对称体型设计.优化后表孔水流能够在竖向及纵向充分扩散,空中呈窄而高且长的流态,在水垫塘中横向分区入水明显,不仅使水垫塘底板冲击动压减小和冲击点向下游偏移,而且为高拱坝表深孔水舌相互穿插无碰撞消能,减轻泄洪雾化创造了条件,对狭窄河谷中的高坝工程具有重要的工程应用价值.