面向弹性提升的主动配电网重构与元件修复协同方法

极端事件会导致主动配电网出现多处故障且故障元件修复时间长,传统的故障恢复方法会使得系统的弹性低。针对主动配电网的故障恢复阶段,提出了一种面向弹性提升的重构与故障元件修复协同方法。首先,结合计及负荷重要程度的主动配电网弹性指标,分析出故障恢复阶段弹性提升的主要措施;在此基础上,提出重构与故障元件修复协同策略框架,给出交替协同中线路状态变量和节点负荷供电状态变量的更新与关联。其次,建立全过程故障元件修复和重构的目标函数。针对主动配电网含多分布式电源特点带来的故障元件上下游关系难以判别问题,提出基于消线解故障环法和圈源等效法的判别方法。最后,算例结果表明,所提方法能有效地提升主动配电网的弹性。     

分布式储能应用模式及优化配置综述

为促进新能源的发展,解决大规模分布式电源（Distributed Generation, DG）直接接入配电网和负荷急剧增长对电网规划及运行带来的问题与潜在威胁。分布式储能技术得到了广泛应用,由于其具有快速功率吞吐能力、控制精度高、安装灵活、多主体利益等特点,可从根本上保障配电网供电的安全与稳定性。介绍了分布式储能的发展状况,根据其接入位置在分布式电源侧、中低压配电网侧和用户与微网侧详细归纳了近年来国内外各种分布式储能应用模式的研究成果,重点就其位置和容量的选择问题总结了分布式储能优化配置的各类数学模型及优化算法。并结合分布式储能在配置过程中存在的问题,对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于点云配准的多固态激光雷达标定算法

针对多个固态激光雷达协同工作时,需要准确地进行外参标定的实际需求,提出一种基于点云配准的多固态激光雷达自动标定算法。该标定算法由标定物分割、初始配准和精确配准三个阶段构成。在标定物分割阶段,首先通过叠加多帧非重复扫描数据制作标定点云,再使用半径滤波和体素下采样滤波分割出纹理特征明显的目标点云。在初始配准阶段,使用3D-HARRIS算法提取关键点,并使用方向直方图(SHOT)特征描述子进行特征描述,然后匹配对应点并使用采样一致算法完成初始配准;在精配准阶段使用迭代最近邻(ICP)算法进行精确配准,从而获得精确的外参标定效果。在Bunny兔数据集和现场获得的数据上进行实验,结果表明,当保证配准平均误差小于1 mm的前提下,所提出算法的性能优于多种现有算法。     

预估型氨法脱硫控制系统研究

燃煤发电系统中氨法脱硫控制系统具有时变、大延时、大惯性的特点。针对典型的大延迟系统,文中提出基于Smith预估器的脱硫控制系统,通过抵消系统被控对象中的纯滞后环节来提高系统的实时性。Smith预估器依赖准确的PID模型,系统中PID参数整定仍存在不确定性。利用SOA算法对PID参数进行整定,将绝对误差积分ITAE作为适应度函数,通过对适应度值的不断寻优,找到最佳的比例积分微分系数组合。仿真结果表明,相较于Smith预估器控制下的脱硫系统,基于SOA的Smith预估PID控制系统跟随性好且反应迅速,调节时间缩小为原来的9%,峰值时间缩小为原来的5%,具有较小的超调量,系统的实时性和稳定性得到保证。上述结果证明该算法对工程控制系统有效,并具有良好的应用前景。     

5G时代,有线接入网基础资源布局思路探讨

双千兆时代,网络规模空前巨大,有线接入网更是因覆盖范围广,建设规模大,投入人力多,投资占比高等因素,成为研究重点。文章根据有线接入网架构演进,从“点(各类业务及分纤点)、线(各级管线)、面(业务汇聚区)”三个层面对基站、家客、集客等业务接入、分纤点规划及业务汇聚机房等基础资源规划进行研究。     

基于CvM算法的Nakagami衰落信道统计特性检验

Nakagami信道通过不同的衰落因子m可以仿真不同的信道衰落环境,仿真数据与实际测量值吻合度较高,在信道仿真领域得到广泛应用。然而,目前针对Nakagami信道模型的可信性研究较少,缺少科学的比对验证方法。根据典型Nakagami信道的一阶包络序列服从Nakagami分布这一信道统计特性,提出一种基于Cramer-von Mises （CvM）算法的拟合优度检验方法。使用“高斯+瑞利+直流”组合法建立Nakagami衰落信道模型,得到信道输出序列并从中提取包络序列。在此基础上,利用双样本CvM检验算法对包络序列的理论分布和实际分布进行拟合优度检验,实现对Nakagami信道模型的可信性评估。半实物仿真结果表明,与K-S检验、卡方检验和Z检验+卡方检验融合检验算法相比,CvM针对不同m下的Nakagami衰落信道均具有较好的识别性能,同时在可靠性和复杂度方面也具有优势,其对虚警概率为0.01以下的Nakagami衰落信道识别准确率达到92.6%,对样本长度为300 000以上的Nakagami衰落信道平均识别准确率达到96.4%,而当待检验信道为其他信道时,不存在误识别的情况。     

小断面岩石巷道掏槽爆破参数优化实验

针对小断面岩石巷道掏槽爆破效率低下的技术难题,依据掏槽爆破形成槽腔为后续炮孔提供自由面。通过分析施工过程中掏槽爆破存在的问题及其影响因素,采取了控制单一变量的方法,制定9组实验方案,同时配合规范的施工方法对掏槽爆破参数进行优化,从而获得最优的掏槽爆破参数组合。通过对实验数据的比较分析,优化的掏槽爆破参数使巷道掘进的炮孔利用率提高了20%,掘进综合成本节省了27%。     

Study of tool trajectory in blisk channel ECM with spiral feeding

Electrochemical machining (ECM) plays an important role in blisk manufacturing. There are two steps in blisk ECM: machining of channels and precise shaping of blade profiles. In channel machining, channels are machined in the workpiece with allowance left to the following process. Therefore, the main aim of channel machining with ECM is to improve the allowance distribution. With this aim, a new ECM method for blisk channels, spiral feeding ECM, is developed in which the cathode feeds from blade tip to hub along with rotation motion around its axis. Through this combined motion, twisted channels are produced in the workpiece. The relationship between feed position and rotation angle is presented in the form of a mathematical model. Experiments with a feed rate of 1 mm/min confirm that spiral feeding ECM is feasible and efficient. Compared with radial ECM, the allowance differences in blank back and blank basin decrease by 32.7% and 33.6%, respectively. The surface roughnesses Ra in blank back, blank basin, and hub are 0.358, 0.308, and 0.102 µm, respectively. Thus, the allowance distribution is improved to be more uniform considerably and the surface quality is relatively high.     

Silica shell-assisted synthetic route for mono-disperse persistent nanophosphors with enhanced in vivo recharged near-infrared persistent luminescence

Near-infrared (NIR) persistent-luminescence nanoparticles have emerged as a new class of background-free contrast agents that are promising for in vivo imaging.The next key roadblock is to establish a robust and controllable method for synthesizing monodisperse nanoparticles with high luminescence brightness and long persistent duration.Herein,we report a synthesis strategy involving the coating/etching of the SiO2 shell to obtain a new class of small NIR highly persistent luminescent ZnGa2O4∶Cr3+,Sn4+ (ZGOCS) nanoparticles.The optimized ZGOCS nanoparticles have an excellent size distribution of ～15 nm without any agglomeration and an NIR persistent luminescence that is enhanced by a factor of 13.5,owing to the key role of the SiO2 shell in preventing nanoparticle agglomeration after annealing.The ZGOCS nanoparticles have a signal-to-noise ratio ～3 times higher than that of previously reported ZnGa2O4∶Cr3+ (ZGC-1) nanoparticles as an NIR persistent-luminescence probe for in vivo bioimaging.Moreover,the persistent-luminescence signal from the ZGOCS nanoparticles can be repeatedly re-charged in situ with external excitation by a white lightemitting diode;thus,the nanoparticles are suitable for long-term in vivo imaging applications.Our study suggests an improved strategy for fabricating novel high-performance optical nanoparticles with good biocompatibility.     

Non-local line method for notched elements with use of effective length calculated in an elasto-plastic condition

The paper presents a non-local line method used to the fatigue life calculation of notched elements. The presented method is based on the concept of an effective length which determines the size of the equivalent fatigue zone. Effective values of normal stress calculated in the critical plane with a weight function were applied when determining the equivalent fatigue zone. Simulation studies were performed for two types of steel and two types of loading. Five different series of tests and simulations were used. Experimental studies were carried out for 40 HM-T and EA4T steels. These materials are used in railway industry, including the manufacturing of coupling bars. The notched test specimens contained notches with a tip radius of 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 mm. Stress calculations were performed using the finite element method by adopting cyclic material properties described by the model of a multi-linear hardening. Non-local calculations were performed in a defined critical plane for normal stress distribution and a weight function. As a result, the function of variation of the effective length depending on the loading level and geometry of the notch has been determined.