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151.
In the present study, the effects of charge‐transfer complex formation and intramolecular fragmentation (side‐chain lactonization) in radical copolymerization of tert‐butyl vinyl ether (t‐BVE) with anhydrides of maleic (MA) and citraconic (CA) acids and the structure–thermal behavior relationships of the resulting copolymers were examined using the 1H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA analysis methods. It was shown that copolymerization under the chosen conditions proceeded through intramolecular fragmentation with the formation of γ‐lactone units. Side‐chain fragmentation of t‐BVE–MA and t‐BVE–CA copolymers also was confirmed by TGA and DSC analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2455–2463, 2006 2006 相似文献
152.
Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), based on butene‐1 or hexene‐1, was irradiated with γ‐rays under vacuum or in the presence of air. The study focused on the influence of the dose rate and the γ‐dose on the thermal properties of LLDPE. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and TGA/FTIR techniques were used to address the thermal behavior as a result of γ‐irradiation. During this irradiation, competition between crosslinking and scission reactions, subsequent to oxidation reactions, occurred in the polymeric material, which strongly depends on the experimental conditions. A decrease of the crystallinity for γ‐irradiated samples was observed in particular for samples irradiated under vacuum. This observation may be explained by increased hindrance of segment mobility due to crosslinking reactions that prevent crystal growth. TGA investigations revealed an enhancement of the thermal stability for samples irradiated under vacuum but not for those irradiated in air. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2790–2795, 2006 相似文献
153.
154.
The state of water in water-swollen poly(vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) membranes, having various water contents from 0.31 to 0.83, was investigated by d.s.c. measurements and compared with those in water-swollen poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes. The amount of freezing water in the membranes was estimated by use of a relationship between the phase transition temperature and the enthalpy of the crystallization of supercooled water. The melting temperature of the water in the membranes immersed in urea and NaCl 0–2 mol l?1 aqueous solutions was also determined by d.s.c. analysis. The present study proposes a method for estimating the solubilities of urea and NaCl in both of the freezing and the non-freezing water using the melting point depression of the freezing water in the membranes immersed in the solute solution. 相似文献
155.
Composite films made of silk fibroin (SF) and polyallylamine (PAA) are prepared that contain various compositional ratios. These materials are analyzed to elucidate the resulting physical properties and to assess their potential toward advanced applications as industrial materials. The composite films are obtained from a SF and PAA binary system by dry casting from aqueous solution. These composite films exhibit excellent processability such as film forming capabilities, and the elongation at break is increased in the wet state. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of the composites suggest that a mutual interaction takes place between the SF and PAA. This interaction is believed to occur because the endothermic peak, corresponding to the individual polymer, shifts with increasing SF content. The random coil conformation of the SF is present, regardless of the PAA blending, as confirmed by FTIR and DSC measurements. Additionally, living cells from Antheraea pernyi and Bombyx mori insect tissues are shown to grow effectively on the composite films. Maximum growth levels occur when the cultivation flask is coated with the material in SF/PAA ratios of 75:25 to 25:75. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1963–1970, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10491 相似文献
156.
Nanocomposites of epoxy resin with montmorillonite clay were synthesized by swelling of different proportions of the clay in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A followed by in situ polymerization with aromatic diamine as a curing agent. The montmorillonite was modified with octadecylamine and made organophilic. The organoclay was found to be intercalated easily by incorporation of the epoxy precursor and the clay galleries were simultaneously expanded. However, Na‐montmorillonite clay could not be intercalated during the mixing or through the curing process. Curing temperature was found to provide a balance between the reaction rate of the epoxy precursor and the diffusion rate of the curing agent into the clay galleries. The cure kinetics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The exfoliation behavior of the organoclay system was investigated by X‐ray diffraction. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the thermal stability, which was correlated with the ionic exchange between the organic species and the silicate layers. The morphology of the nanocomposites was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2201–2210, 2004 相似文献
157.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were conducted on two common types of rye straws (Danko and Kustro) at a heating rate of 20°C/min in an oxidizing atmosphere (15% oxygen and 85% nitrogen, by volume) between ambient temperature and 700°C. The two step nature of the TGA curves and the dual peak characteristics of the DTA curves showed that rye straw had two distinct reaction zones. The initial degradation temperatures, the residual mass at 700°C, the thermal degradation rates in the first and second reaction zones and the kinetic parameters of each reaction zone (order of reaction, activation energy and pre-exponential factor) were determined. Higher thermal degradation rates were observed in the first reaction zone as compared to those in the second reaction zone. 相似文献
158.
R.N. Sheppard 《Polymer》1984,25(3):369-374
Solution-chlorinated polyethylene prepared by a modified method has been characterized using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) and differential thermal analysis (d.t.a.). The results show that the residual paraffin segments, melting point and crystallinity decrease rapidly with increasing chlorine content. The prepared polymer seems to have a homogeneous chlorine distribution. 相似文献
159.
采用DSC和FTIR对木材和API胶粘剂间反应的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用差示扫描星热法(Differential Scanning Calormelry,简称DSC)和傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,简称FTIR)对木材和水性高分子异氰酸酯胶粘剂(Aqueous Polymer Isocyanate,简称API)的胶接机理进行了研究。DSC和FTIR的试验结果均表明:API胶粘剂和木材间发生了化学反应:API胶粘剂和木材间发生的反应所需活化能远小于API胶粘剂的主剂+固化剂的活化能,亦即用API 胶粘剂胶接木材时发生的反应要比API胶粘剂本身的固化反应容易得多,同时从理论上证明使用API胶粘剂胶接木材时装配时间最长不应超过其活性期的一半时间,且装配时间越短越好;文中还研究了升温速率对API胶粘剂DSC图谱的影响。 相似文献
160.
K. Sato J. Yano I. Kawada M. Kawano F. Kaneko M. Suzuki 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(9):1153-1159
Molecular properties of polymorphic forms of gondoic acid [cis-C20:1Δ11ω9 (GOA)] have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, and
Raman scattering, in comparison to those of six principal unsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid [cis-C18:1Δ9ω9 (OA)], erucic acid [cis-C22:1Δ13ω9 (ERA)], petroselinic acid [cis-C18:1Δ6ω12 (PSA)], asclepic acid [cis-C18:1Δ11ω7 (APA)], palmitoleic acid [cis-C16:1Δ9ω7 (POA)], and elaidic acid [trans-C18:1Δ9ω9 (ELA)]. In addition, phase behavior of binary mixtures of GOA and APA and OA was examined by XRD and DSC. The polymorphic
structures of GOA are quite similar to those of APA, ERA, POA, and partly to OA. In particular, DSC and Raman scattering studies
have shown that gondoic acid exhibits conformational disordering on heating at the ω-chain, a chain segment between the double
bond and CH3 group, as a transition from all-trans (γ form) to gauche-rich (α form) conformations. A miscible mixing phase was observed in the mixture of GOA and APA, yet eutectic phases were
observed in the GOA and OA mixtures. This is a remarkable contrast because the binary mixture systems of varying combinations
of cis-unsaturated fatty acids examined so far exhibited either eutectic nature or molecular compound formation. It is expected
that specific molecular interactions between GOA and APA that originate from the equivalence of the length of the Δ-chain,
the chain segment between the cis-double bond and COOH group, and also from the presence of the γ-α order-disorder transformation would be operating to form
the miscible mixing phase. 相似文献