无线传感器网络中一次性数字签名算法设计

一次性数字签名算法是构造密码协议的基础算法,可用于认证无线传感器网络(WSN)中传输数据的真实性和完整性。针对WSN的应用需求,给出一种高效的一次性数字签名算法。与现有一次性签名算法相比,该算法生成签名简单快捷,只需执行一次模指数乘法运算;签名长度短,只需传输一个群元素;适用范围广,能根据待签名消息的长度自动适配对应的公钥参数,该特性非常适合WSN中数据传输量较小的应用;同时该算法还能在标准模型下得到形式化的安全证明,其抗伪造攻击安全性可归约为双线性映射群中计算的Diffie-Hellman数学难题。     

基于CUDA的并行粒子群优化算法研究及实现

应用图形处理器(GPU)来加速粒子群优化(PSO)算法并行计算时,为突出其加速性能,经常有文献以恶化CPU端PSO算法性能为代价。为了科学比较GPU-PSO算法和CPU-PSO算法的性能,提出用"有效加速比"作为算法的性能指标。文中给出的评价方法不需要CPU和GPU端粒子数相同,将GPU并行算法与最优CPU串行算法的性能作比较,以加速收敛到目标精度为准则,在统一计算设备架构(CUDA)下对多个基准测试函数进行了数值仿真实验。结果表明,在GPU上大幅增加粒子数能够加速PSO算法收敛到目标精度,与CPU-PSO相比,获得了10倍以上的"有效加速比"。     

基于问题框架的计算机辅助需求工程工具的研发

问题框架(Problem Frames,PF)已经得到需求工程界的广泛重视和研究。目前,问题框架在理论基础和开发方法等方面已经有很多研究成果,但如何把它们应用到实际的软件开发项目中仍是一个有待解决的问题。本工具可帮助系统分析员实现从用户需求到软件规约的平滑和可推理的变换,从而为软件开发项目中需求的沟通、建模及分析等提供技术支持。此外,该工具产生的结果也为下一步的软件设计提供帮助。它对促进问题框架方法的进一步发展和成熟,如从研究走向实用,具有重要的推动作用。     

基于普通Petri网的梯形图中接通延时定时器的建模方法

针对可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的接通延时定时器(TON),提出了其普通Petri网建模方法。将状态变量描述为库所对,将TON中的指令运算描述为变迁,从而将TON模块描述为一个普通Petri网结构。结果表明该Petri网能够准确地描述TON的动态行为,从而为PLC梯形图程序的形式化设计或验证提供了建模方法。     

微波辐射合成4(3H)-喹唑酮

以邻氨基苯甲酸和甲酰胺为原料,在无溶剂条件下采用微波辐射法合成4(3H) 喹唑酮。实验结果表明:n(甲酰胺)/n(邻氨基苯甲酸)=10,反应物加热预混合,甲酰胺分批加料,微波辐射强度为180W,微波辐射时间为6～8min时,邻氨基苯甲酸的转化率可达96%以上,4(3H) 喹唑酮的收率在94%以上,反应速率比常规加热条件下提高45倍。     

基于知识情感等级BDI主体的决策行为模型研究

为了将知识、信念、愿望和意图以及害怕、焦虑和自信对决策行为的影响的强烈程度进行形式化,把无穷值的卢卡斯维茨逻辑的真值取值范围从[0,1]扩展到[-1,1]。知识情感等级BDI主体的决策行为通过添加了具体条件的不同背景的不同测度来决定;知识情感等级BDI主体模型清晰地表示了主体的知识状态、心智状态和情感状态的不确定性;此模型可以轻易地向其他类型的主体进行推广。在给出了知识情感等级BDI模型的语言、语义以及此模型的不同背景之间的相互关系之后,对知识情感等级BDI主体的军事决策行为进行了实例分析。此研究旨在为分布式人工智能和军事仿真提供形式支持。     

Effect of H2O adsorption on the electrical transport properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes

Water molecules adsorbed on a double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) serve as charge trapping centers when present in low density and as electron donors when present in high density. There is a discontinuous change between the low- and high-density regions. H₂O molecules are apt to be adsorbed on the outer surface of DWCNTs, and in this case the electrical transport properties are extremely sensitive to environment, which suggests that DWCNTs are hole doped and act as an electric dipole with the inner tube.     

Zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate as flame‐retardant agents for flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of inorganic tin compounds such as zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) and zinc stannate (ZS) were investigated in a comparison with alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and Sb₂O₃ through the limiting oxygen index test and smoke density test. The flame‐retardant mechanisms were studied through the char yield test, SEM, quantitative analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The thermal degradation in air of flexible PVC treated with the above compounds was studied by thermal analysis from ambient temperature to 800°C. The results showed that tin compounds such as ZHS and ZS could be used as a highly effective flame retardant for flexible PVC, and it appears that the tin compound may exert its action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in condensed phases as a Lewis acid. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1469–1475, 2005     

High-performance dispersant of coal–water slurry synthesized from wheat straw alkali lignin

Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g^− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China.     

Metal effects in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Bond-order-conservation-morse-potential approach

We have applied the BOC-MP method to theoretically analyze the metal effects in the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis by calculating the energetics of conceivable elementary steps (the relevant heats of chemisorption and the reaction activation barriers) during CO hydrogenation over the periodic series Fe(110), Ni(111), Pt(111), Cu(111). The basic steps such as dissociation of CO, hydrogenation of carbidic carbon, C-C chain growth by insertion of CH₂ versus CO into the metal-alkyl bonds, and chain termination leading to hydrocarbons (alkanes versus -olefins) or oxygenates are discussed in detail. It is shown that the periodic trends in the ability of metal surfaces to dissociate chemical bonds and those to recombine the bonds are always opposite. In particular, we argue that metallic Fe is necessary to produce the abundance of carbidic carbon from CO but the synthesis of hydrocarbons and oxygenates can effectively proceed only on carbided Fe surfaces which resemble the less active metals such as Pt. More specifically, we project that the C-C chain growth should occur predominantly via CH₂ insertion into the metal-alkyl bond and the primary FT products should be -olefins. These and other model projections are in agreement with experiment.