村田喷气纺纱机专用胶辊的研发与应用

针对进口日本MJS802H、MJS802RH型高速喷气纺纱机用胶辊价格昂贵、国内推广受限这一现状,在保证胶辊耐磨性能的前提下,从动态性能、强度、弹性、压缩变形和硬度等方面综合考虑,阐述了喷气纺纱机专用胶辊--TCP76的研制及其使用效果,通过与日本、美国胶辊同锭对比,指出该胶辊推进了纺机配件国产化进程,可降低纺纱成本.     

Haplotype Analysis of BADH1 by Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Association with Salt Tolerance in Rice during Domestication

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (BADH1), a paralog of the fragrance gene BADH2, is known to be associated with salt stress through the accumulation of synthesized glycine betaine (GB), which is involved in the response to abiotic stresses. Despite the unclear association between BADH1 and salt stress, we observed the responses of eight phenotypic characteristics (germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE), germination index (GI), mean germination time (MGT), germination rate (GR), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), and total dry weight (TDW)) to salt stress during the germination stage of 475 rice accessions to investigate their association with BADH1 haplotypes. We found a total of 116 SNPs and 77 InDels in the whole BADH1 gene region, representing 39 haplotypes. Twenty-nine haplotypes representing 27 mutated alleles (two InDels and 25 SNPs) were highly (p < 0.05) associated with salt stress, including the five SNPs that have been previously reported to be associated with salt tolerance. We observed three predominant haplotypes associated with salt tolerance, Hap_2, Hap_18, and Hap_23, which were Indica specific, indicating a comparatively high number of rice accessions among the associated haplotypes. Eight plant parameters (phenotypes) also showed clear responses to salt stress, and except for MGT (mean germination time), all were positively correlated with each other. Different signatures of domestication for BADH1 were detected in cultivated rice by identifying the highest and lowest Tajima’s D values of two major cultivated ecotypes (Temperate Japonica and Indica). Our findings on these significant associations and BADH1 evolution to plant traits can be useful for future research development related to its gene expression.     

低双乙酰啤酒酵母的选育

以两株青岛啤酒酵母ｃ－０２和ｃ－０３为出发菌株，经紫外线诱变后挑出甲磺隆抗性菌株，经过实验室菌种分离、筛选、发酵及双乙酰驯养等步骤选育出一株②＃菌，１２°Ｐ麦汁经１０００Ｌ小罐１１℃低温发酵，双乙酰峰值为０．３５ｍｇ／Ｌ，主酵结束双乙酰为０．１３ｍｇ／Ｌ，成品啤酒双乙酰为０．０６ｍｇ／Ｌ，成品啤酒真正发酵度６５．６％，凝聚性指标Ｆ值为４８．４％，啤酒风味基本不变。     

Cogeneration of hydrogen and methane from Arthrospira maxima biomass with bacteria domestication and enzymatic hydrolysis

The energy conversion efficiency in hydrogen and methane cogeneration from Arthrospira maxima biomass by two-phase fermentation is improved with bacteria domestication and enzymatic hydrolysis. The A. maxima biomass (dried weight) can theoretically cogenerate hydrogen and methane yields of 318 ml/g and 262 ml/g, which dramatically increases the theoretical energy conversion efficiency from 16.6% in hydrogen only production to 61.9%. The experimental hydrogen yield is increased from 49.7 ml/g to 64.3 ml/g, when the hydrogenogens community is domesticated with A. maxima biomass as carbon source. The hydrogen yield is further increased to 78.7 ml/g when A. maxima biomass is hydrolyzed with glucoamylase, which gives an energy conversion efficiency of 4.1% in hydrogen only production. The soluble metabolite byproducts from the first hydrogen-producing phase are reutilized by methanogens to produce methane of 109.5-145.5 ml/g in the second phase. The cogeneration of hydrogen and methane from A. maxima biomass markedly increases the experimental energy conversion efficiency to 27.7%.     

微生物增产煤层气菌种的驯化

采用厌氧培养方法,从厌氧污泥样品中富集出了产甲烷菌群,仅以煤为碳源对其进行驯化,得到了可以利用煤产甲烷的厌氧菌群。研究了该菌种利用煤产气的规律及常规碳源对菌种产气的影响。结果揭示：驯化后菌种对煤的利用能力显著提高,适应期由15 d缩短到6 d;产气量也显著增加。菌种产气具有规律性,产气周期共28 d,可分为3个阶段：适应期、产气期和稳定期。100 mL底物质量浓度为20 g/L的培养液总产气量达到182 mL,气体中的甲烷浓度约为16%。单日产气量呈先增加后减少的趋势,其中15~17 d的产气量最大,达到20 mL/d。菌种可以利用乙酸钠和甲醇产气,乙酸钠对菌种利用煤产气的增加效果更显著。     

高效降亚硝酸盐乳酸菌的驯化复筛及菌株鉴定

目的：筛选出高效降亚硝酸盐乳酸菌,为今后益生乳酸菌的开发提供一定的理论依据。方法：从地方特有食品及动物肠道中分离纯化出13 株乳酸菌,采用盐酸萘乙二胺法对13 株乳酸菌的体外降亚硝酸盐能力进行测定,并对降亚硝酸盐效果最强菌株进行驯化培养和抑菌实验,通过生理生化及16S rDNA法对所分离的降亚硝酸盐能力最强菌株进行鉴定。结果：获得1 株编号为JS3的乳酸菌,该菌对亚硝酸盐降解率为83.39%,经过驯化复筛及培养条件优化得到：培养基中蛋白胨添加量15 g/L、接菌量5%、培养温度30 ℃、培养时间48 h,其降解率达到93.47%,同时菌株对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌还具有抑制性能。经鉴定菌株为玉米乳杆菌（Lactobacillus zeae）,将其命名为L. zeaeJS3。结论：菌株JS3具有高效降解亚硝酸盐能力,能够成为今后降解亚硝酸盐微生态活性菌的优良菌种。     

铀矿石生物浸出中氟对铁-硫氧化细菌的影响

本文针对某铀矿矿石氟含量高的特点,研究了铀矿石生物浸出过程中矿石浸泡液中pH值与氟离子浓度变化规律、不同起始氟离子浓度对铁-硫氧化细菌生长发育的影响以及所选用铁-硫氧化细菌对氟离子的适应能力.结果显示,铀矿石中氟离子浓度随着生物浸出体系中pH值由高到低的变化而呈现出由低到高的线性变化特征;试验用铁-硫氧化细菌对氟离子非常敏感,20 mg/L氟离子便会抑制其生长;但经过较高浓度含氟离子培养基长时间培养选择后筛选所得到的菌株却对较高浓度氟离子生长基质有较强的耐受性,如菌株Z-1可在含氟1.48g/L的溶浸液中一昼夜即可将5g/L Fe^2＋完全氧化.研究结果表明,通过驯化可以获得耐氟铁-硫氧化细菌,将其应用于生物浸出工艺中,既不会降低铀浸出率,也不需额外的经济投资.     

翻译中的归化与异化

本文探讨了翻译中归化和异化的区别,关于归化和异化的争端以及归化法和异化法在翻译中的应用,指出不论是归化还是异化,在目的语文化中起着不同的作用,都有其存在的价值.在翻译过程中,需要根据不同的翻译目的以及不同的文体类型来选择适当的翻译方法.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌的吸附尾液驯化试验

针对酸法地浸技术,提出以吸附尾液作培养基驯化氧化亚铁硫杆菌的串联回流工艺,并开展了铀矿床的细菌地浸现场试验。结果表明,吸附尾液能够驯化培养氧化亚铁硫杆菌,回流式串联氧化方法可有效提高吸附尾液的氧化能力和生产能力,能够进行铀矿床的细菌地浸。     

Fe3+存在下制浆中段废水好氧活性污泥的驯化

研究了Fe³⁺存在下处理制浆中段废水的好氧活性污泥的驯化过程。首先通过Fe³⁺对微生物生长曲线的影响确定Fe³⁺最佳用量为30 mg/L;然后在Fe³⁺用量为30 mg/L下,采用制浆中段废水对好氧活性污泥进行驯化,并设置不加Fe³⁺的空白组对照。结果表明,整个驯化过程中,加Fe³⁺组COD_Cr去除率和污染物去除率(以UV-254减少率表示)均高于空白组;驯化结束后,加Fe³⁺组和空白组COD_Cr去除率分别达78.2%和76.0%,污染物去除率分别为50.0%和37.7%。通过对脱氢酶活性的分析表明,加Fe³⁺组活性高于空白组。