薄层特,超稠油油藏高周期蒸汽吞吐阶段开发策略研究

方法结合矿场试验，应用油藏数值模拟技术，研究组合注汽、动态配汽、强排和降粘等一系列开发策略。目的提高河南油区稠油油藏高周期蒸汽吞吐效果，实现“八五”后产能接替。结果采用面积组合注汽方式，泄油范围和产油量分别提高了0．85和0．58倍，热损失率下降了10个百分点；在前4周期累积来注比分别为0．7、0．9、1．1和1．3的情况下，后续周期最佳注汽量比前一周期分别递减10％、持平、递增10％和递增20％，此时增产油汽比最高；对油层厚度较大、供液能力较强的井，采取换大泵、调大参数等强排技术；现场实践表明：化学降粘、热洗井及伴热降粘技术，使周期生产时间延长了1．1倍，周期产油量和油汽比分别比前一周期提高了0．9和1．2倍，采注比和回来水率均提高了1．4倍，平均单井累积存水下降480t。结论改善薄层特、超稠油油藏高周期吞吐效果的关键是提高系统热效率；合理组合注汽，可有效地抑制汽窜，扩大蒸汽波及体积；动态配汽和超稠油降粘技术，可最大限度地利用地层储热；对油层厚度较大、供液能力较强的油井，必须实现强排。     

洞庭湖区挖泥船筑堤技术

用挖泥船吹填堵口复堤，具有施工简便、速度快、质量好等优点，此法自９０年代以来在洞庭湖区得到较多应用。施工程序是首先水下冲填，接着分池分边、轮回冲填，最后进行人工填筑、整形结顶，此法１９８４年在汉寿县马家铺堤段试验成功后，进而在许多地方推广。洞庭湖区多数用此法堵口复堤段在１９９８年特大洪水时，在挡水深１０ｍ以上情况下，安全无恙，没有参漏管涌和滑坡险情。用挖泥船吹填筑堤应注意做好泥沙沉淀池的设计和排大     

TRANSIENT FLOW DRAINAGE EQUATIONS CONSIDERING BOTH DELAYED GRAVITY RESPONSE AND EVAPORATION FROM WATER TABLE

The drainable porosity is one of the important parameters in the unsteady drainage formulas. Due to delayed gravity response the drainable porosity is a function of the rate of drawdown and the depth of water table. The evaporation from groundwater plays an important role in lowering water table, in drainage design formulas it should be taken into account. Drainage equations considering evaporation from groundwater varying with water table depth and evaporation from water surface and involving constant drain-able porosity have been proposed by many authors. In this paper new formulas considering both delayed gravity yield and evaporation as a function of water table depth are developed and verified by experimental data.     

小浪底工程防渗措施与评价

小浪底工程下闸蓄水后部分排水洞出现了渗漏水现象，建设单位对此采取了一系列综合防渗措施。结合渗漏水观测资料分析认为，这些综合防渗措施在库水位240m以下时是有效的；在排水量较大的排水孔孔口安装控制阀门并安装压力表以观测孔内水压力的变化对减少排水洞内渗水量也是一种有益尝试。同时，结合渗水变化情况，对左岸以厂房安全为中心的防渗处理提出合理化建议。     

A dual-probe approach for evaluation of gypsum crystallization in response to antiscalant treatment

An experimental system was developed to assess and rank the performance of commercial antiscalants designed to inhibit mineral scale formation on reverse osmosis membrane surfaces. The study focused on calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) precipitation to illustrate an approach to antiscalant ranking based on its ability to retard the observed onset (i.e., induction time) of gypsum crystallization from supersaturated solutions. The experimental method consisted of on-line monitoring solution turbidity rise and calcium ion concentration decline to signal the onset of gypsum crystallization. Significant differences were found among commercial antiscalants with respect to achievable levels of induction time retardation. Moreover, antiscalant effectiveness with respect to dosage also varied significantly among antiscalants. The present approach enables a relatively simple and robust initial screening of candidate antiscalants based on their induction time as a function of the applied dose.     

静动力排水固结法软基处理技术

结合工程实例，介绍了插设塑料排水板的施工流程及工艺要点，从夯点布置、夯击方法、施工工艺等方面论述了地基夯击方法，并提出了夯击注意事项，指出该项目应用静动力排水固结法处理软基是成功的。     

防止室内排水管道堵塞的技术措施

简述了建筑安装工程中室内排水管道堵塞的原因，介绍了乙字管、存水弯水封、卫生器具的就位等关键环节的技术措施，以搞好管道安装，满足用户的使用要求。     

济宁鹿洼煤矿侏罗系红层水的危害及防治

针对济宁鹿洼煤矿侏罗系红层水危害,研究了红层的组成、含水性、涌出机理等水文地质特点,提出了系统 的防治措施,并成功应用于二采区巷道布置及开采中,取得了较好的效果。     

C型刀补中指定非移动指令的算法研究

C型刀补需要连续的三段移动指令进行轨迹点的计算,用户CNC程序的执行必须是顺序逐条执行,这就使得在刀补过程中出现非移动程序段时必须对其进行特殊的轨迹点设计.本文对C型刀补在建立、执行、取消时,CNC程序中指定一段非移动指令或连续指定多段非移动指令的各种处理方法进行了研究,给出了相应的轨迹设计和算法,并且给出实现的流程图,最后把这些方法作了比较,指出了各自的优缺点.     

Iron Removal by a Passive System Treating Alkaline Coal Mine Drainage

The Marchand passive treatment system was constructed in 2006 for a 6,000 L/min discharge from an abandoned underground bituminous coal mine located in western Pennsylvania, USA. The system consists of six serially connected ponds followed by a large constructed wetland. Treatment performance was monitored between December 2006 and 2007. The system inflow was alkaline with pH 6.2, 337 mg/L CaCO₃ alkalinity, 74 mg/L Fe, 1 mg/L Mn, and <1 mg/L Al. The final discharge averaged pH 7.5, 214 mg/L CaCO₃ alkalinity, and 0.8 mg/L Fe. The settling ponds removed 84% of the Fe at an average rate of 26 g Fe m⁻² day⁻¹. The constructed wetland removed residual Fe at a rate of 4 g Fe m⁻² day⁻¹. Analyses of dissolved and particulate Fe fractions indicated that Fe removal was limited in the ponds by the rate of iron oxidation and in the wetland by the rate of particulate iron settling. The treatment effectiveness of the system did not substantially degrade during cold weather or at high flows. The system cost $1.3 million (2006) or $207 (US) per L/min of average flow. Annual maintenance and sampling costs are projected at $10,000 per year. The 25-year present value cost estimate (4% discount rate) is $1.45 million or $0.018 per 1,000 L of treated flow.