An observational comparison of the older and younger bus passenger experience in a developing world city

This study was an unobtrusive observational analysis of 333 older and younger bus passengers in Guadalajara, Mexico. A set of data were collected for each observed passenger, as well as more general observations related to driver behaviour, bus design and bus service characteristics. There were significant differences between older and younger passengers in terms of boarding and alighting times, use of handrails, seat location preferences, passenger stability and coping strategies in order to maintain postural stability. The conditions of travel are conducive to a poor passenger experience for the older passengers in particular. Although the problems may be attributed to bus design and driver behaviour typical of that in developing countries, they are also influenced by the wider transport infrastructure, and a lack of a regulatory regime which places drivers under time pressure and in direct competition with each other.

Practitioner Summary: Bus services must cater for all ages of passengers, including the elderly. This unobtrusive observational study investigated the passenger experience in a developing world city. Bus and wider service design were found to compromise the journey experience, with the older users being particularly negatively impacted. Design recommendations are provided.     

A small‐area and low‐power data driver IC using two‐stage DAC with a capacitor array for active matrix flat‐panel displays

A small‐area and low‐power data driver integrated circuit (IC) using a two‐stage digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) with a capacitor array is proposed for active matrix flat‐panel displays. The proposed data driver IC employs a capacitor array in the two‐stage DAC so as to reduce the DAC area and eliminate the need for a resistor string, which has high‐power consumption. To verify the proposed two‐stage DAC, a 20‐channel data driver IC with the proposed 10‐bit two‐stage DAC was fabricated using a 0.18‐μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process with 1.8 and 6 V complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor devices. The proposed 10‐bit two‐stage DAC occupies only 43.8% of the area of a conventional 10‐bit two‐stage DAC. The measurement results show that the differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity are +0.58/?0.52 least significant bit and +0.62/?0.59 least significant bit, respectively. The measured interchannel deviation of the voltage outputs is 8.8 mV, and the measured power consumption of the 20‐channel data driver IC is reduced to 7.1 mW, which is less than half of the power consumed by the conventional one.     

Development of active matrix LCD for use in high‐resolution adaptive headlights

Conventional adaptive driving beam headlamps are limited in achieving still higher quantities of switchable pixels by the number of LEDs and movable elements needed. In this paper, it is shown that by integrating an active matrix liquid crystal display module, it is possible to realize fully adaptive high‐resolution headlights without mechanical elements and a finite number of LED with 30 k switchable pixels.     

基于DE1-SoC的磁性介质显示系统设计与实现

针对常规平面成像技术表现形式单一,容易视觉疲劳等问题,提出一种新型的基于FPGA/ARM异构双核控制的磁性介质显示系统,实现磁性介质的立体动态成像;本系统通过在Altera DE1-SoC的Linux平台上构建Lighttpd轻量级Web服务器和设计开发功能程序、底层驱动程序、自定义IP核和Verilog逻辑译码程序来实现该显示系统的软硬件开发;本系统具有网络设备跨平台控制能力、磁流体精确控制能力以及多种样式的汉字和图案显示能力;大量实验表明该系统能够通过控制磁流体完美的表现出立体书法、绘画图案,且系统运行稳定可靠。     

基于FPGA的MDDI数据处理电路实现

介绍了一种基于FPGA的MDDI(mobile display digital interface)数据处理电路设计;基于单片集成AM-OLED驱动控制芯片的设计需求以及并行数据总线在移动显示设备上存在的不足,设计了MDDI数据处理电路;MDDI作为一种高速串行移动显示数字接口标准,具有连线数量少,信号传输可靠性高,低功耗等特点,广泛应用于移动显示终端领域;所设计的MDDI Type2主端数据处理电路采用两级状态机控制内部电路,主状态机用于控制从状态机的状态切换,从状态机则用于实现MDDI数据的生成;通过加入可配置寄存器,实现对数据包生成和接口模式的控制;采用Verilog语言编写RTL级代码实现MDDI Type2数据处理电路软核;使用Xilinx工具综合的结果表明,该数据处理电路能够支持480-RGB×320、26万色的AM-OLED显示屏,数据传输速率可达180 Mbps,其性能指标满足系统设计要求。     

基于安卓移动终端的无线传感照明控制系统

Android移动终端的APP采用socket通信技术向服务器发送各种LED灯的控制命令;服务器程序通过USB串口通信将控制命令发送给ZigBee协调器,解决了TCP/IP协议与ZigBee协议栈的融合问题;ZigBee协调器解读控制命令,并将相应的控制信号以广播形式转发给所有ZigBee终端节点;而终端节点则根据收到的控制信号驱动以HV9910B为核心的PWM调光电路,实现多种LED的照明效果.实验证明,该系统能够适应多种照明控制系统的需求,具有较好的可拓展性、实用性和健壮性.     

RT-Thread的SPI总线驱动结构分析 、移植及应用

介绍了串行外设接口SPI的通信原理,对RT Thread操作系统下的SPI总线驱动结构进行了详细的研究与分析.以STM32F407ZG对W25Q64的读写为例,介绍了硬件SPI总线驱动的移植步骤,并详细介绍了SPI应用程序设计及技术实施细节.最后通过实验,对SPI驱动移植及程序设计的可行性及有效性进行验证,实验结果表明,RT Thread操作系统下的SPI总线驱动结构设计合理,移植方便且应用程序设计简单,本文所介绍的移植与应用方法可行有效.     

谈笔记本电脑由Windows7系统重装为XP系统

随着win7系统的上市,目前许多新购买的笔记本电脑被预安装好Win7操作系统。但由于种种原因有一部分用户想把Win7重装为Winxp,但是,在重装系统的过程中大多会出现蓝屏或无法读取硬盘等而无法安装成功的情况。经过多次实践,笔者发现这主要是由于Winxp系统安装盘中缺少SATA驱动而导致的。介绍了处理该问题的有效办法——制作一张集成有SATA驱动的winxp系统盘。     

基于易控的51系列单片机通用驱动程序设计

设计了一种基于易控(INSPEC)组态软件的51单片机外部设备的通用驱动程序,以解决基于51单片机的底层设备驱动问题.该通用驱动程序通过电压监测仪表进行了应用调试,证明了该驱动程序实用易行,并为其他的设备驱动程序设计提供了设计思路和程序框架.     

嵌入式Linux下PCI设备驱动的设计与实现

PCI局部总线具有使用方便、数据传输率高等特点,已成为计算机必备的一种接口。Linux是一种日趋成熟完善的操作系统,越来越多的软硬件厂商开始使用Linux平台开发自己的产品,因而对基于该平台的设备驱动程序的需求也愈来愈多。介绍了Linux驱动程序开发的一般方法,并实现了流媒体数据缓存PCI卡在Linux环境下的驱动程序。