“妙手”系统机械结构设计与优化

为了辅助医生更好地完成显微外科手术,开发了一种主从异构的显微外科手术机器人系统——“妙手”系统．“妙手”系统的主手为商业化的Phantom Desktop主手,从手为针对显微外科血管缝合而设计的“妙手”从手．从手包括位置机构和姿态机构．位置机构通过丝传动实现双四连杆机构的运动特性;姿态机构采用三轴交汇于一点的设计思想．通过分析双四连杆机构的运动特性,根据Angeles运动灵活度指标对双四连杆机构进行了优化．结果表明：当双四连杆机构前三级杆等长且I级杆与III级杆垂直时,机构运动灵活度取最大值．     

A base62 transformation format of ISO 10646 for multilingual identifiers

ISO 10646 Universal Character Set (UCS) is a 31‐bit coding architecture that covers symbols in most of the world's written languages. Identifiers in programming languages are usually defined by using alphanumeric characters of ASCII, which represent mainly English words. An approach for working around this deficiency is to encode multilingual identifiers into the alphanumeric range of ASCII. For case‐sensitive languages, an encoding that utilizes [0–9][A–Z][a–z] can be more space‐efficient for multilingual identifiers. This paper proposes a base62 transformation format of ISO 10646 called UTF‐62. The resulting string of UTF‐62 is within a [0–9][A–Z][a–z] range, a total of 62 base characters. UTF‐62 also preserves the lexicographic sorting order of UCS‐4. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discrete J-spectral factorization

This paper deals with the J-spectral factorization for general discrete rational matrices. A simple approach based on the Kalman filtering in Krein space is proposed. The main idea is to construct a stochastic state space filtering model in Krein space such that the spectral matrix of the output is equal to the rational matrix to be factorized. The spectral factor is then easily derived by using the generalized Kalman filtering in Krein space, which is similar to the H₂ spectral factorization. Our approach unifies the treatment of the H₂ spectral factorization and the J-spectral factorization. The applications of the derived results in H_∞ and risk-sensitive estimation for both nonsingular and singular systems are demonstrated.     

基于视觉系统的聚类算法

人类对于结构的感知方式和产生数据的物理系统原理对于聚类分析而言具有同等的重要性。因此,在聚类算法的设计和分析中,模拟人类的主要器官－视觉系统将帮助我们解决这一领域的一些基本问题。从这一观点出发,文中提出一类基于初级视觉系统尺度空间理论的聚类算法,并通过引入显著性假设,将生物物理学中的Weber定律与聚类结构的有效性联系起来。由此产生的聚类算法简洁有效,并可部分地回答那些与人类感知数据结构相关联的聚类有效性问题。我们的数值试验表明这一方法具有广泛的应用前景。     

古代中国的时空统一观

本文中,举出了物理学中伽利略的“绝对时间”、“绝对空间”及爱因斯坦的时空统一观。在古代中国的十二时辰及斗建,也属于时空统一观。     

Weaving patterns of lines and line segments in space

Aweaving W is a simple arrangement of lines (or line segments) in the plane together with a binary relation specifying which line is above the other. A system of lines (or line segments) in 3-space is called arealization ofW, if its projection into the plane isW and the above-below relations between the lines respect the specifications. Two weavings are equivalent if the underlying arrangements of lines are combinatorially equivalent and the above-below relations are the same. An equivalence class of weavings is said to be aweaving pattern. A weaving pattern isrealizable if at least one element of the equivalence class has a three-dimensional realization. A weaving (pattern)W is calledperfect if, along each line (line segment) ofW, the lines intersecting it are alternately above and below. We prove that (i) a perfect weaving pattern ofn lines is realizable if and only ifn 3, (ii) a perfect m byn weaving pattern of line segments (in a grid-like fashion) is realizable if and only if min(m, n) 3, (iii) ifn is sufficiently large, then almost all weaving patterns ofn lines are nonrealizable.Jànos Pach has been supported in part by Hungarian NFSR Grant 1812, NSF Grant CCR-8901484, and the Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DIMACS), a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center, under NSF Grant STC88-09648. Richard Pollack has been supported in part by NSA Grant MDA904-89-H-2030, NSF Grants DMS-85-01947 and CCR-8901484, and DIMACS. Emo Welzl has been supported in part by the ESPRIT II Basic Research Actions Program of the EC under Contract No. 3075 (project ALCOM) and DIMACS.     

水体下综放开采可行性分析

余吾煤业现有630万吨煤炭资源处在绛河水体下,煤层厚度在4.0～6.2m之间,现导水裂隙带经验公式不能够满足其水体下安全开采,存在开采后突水隐患,为了确定开采后上覆岩层导水裂隙带极限高度是否波及地表,研究区在9个井下钻孔进行了井下仰孔双栓塞分段注水测试和仰孔直观法电视成像仪探测,对涌水量进行了监测、水质进行了对比研究,并通过模拟实验进一步研究不同采厚条件下发育高度.观测、监测及模拟结果表明:采动后导水裂隙带发育高度取决于采厚,为水体下采煤水的防治提供了可靠数据,三个工作面的试采成功,为水体下采煤提供了应用范例.     

地下空间消防用电设备及供配电系统隐患

消防用电设备的有效联动控制及合理的供配电设计安装调试对保障地下空间安全发挥着十分重要的作用。但由于与消防用电设备相关联的联动控制系统非常复杂,供配电设计、安装、调试的专业性很强,在其全寿命周期过程中,往往存在着诸多安全隐患。笔者在分析地下空间火灾特征的基础上,阐述地下消防联动控制设备及地下消防用电设施对于供电系统的要求,分析地下消防用电设备联动控制及地下空间供配电设计安装调试存在的隐患,并提出建议与对策,以期为相关部门的决策提供参考。     

百叶型太阳能集热墙集热效率实验研究

提出建立了在现有Trombe墙的空气夹层中悬挂百叶窗帘的百叶型太阳能集热墙,搭建了带有百叶型集热墙的可对比热箱实验平台,对百叶型集热墙的集热效率进行了测试和分析,实验结果显示,在冬季时,百叶型集热墙的瞬时集热效率最高能达41％,平均集热效率在30％左右,该研究表明新型百叶型集热墙能显著的提高室内环境温度,改善室内热环境,降低室内制热负荷.     

火灾作用下单层球面网壳结构的整体性能分析

基于高大空间建筑火灾下的空气升温实用公式,按照欧洲规范规定的火灾高温下钢材的材料特性,考虑了温度对钢材特性的影响以及钢材屈服后的强化特征,对一凯维特单层网壳结构火灾下的性能进行了非线性有限元分析,研究其在不同局部火灾作用下的温度场分布和位移特征以及不同火源影响的最不利位置.结果表明:大多数设计火源模型下网壳结构的极限耐火时间都小于2 h;火源高度对网壳结构极限耐火时间的影响最大,其次是火源位置,再次是火源面积;结构中心向外延伸的第1环到第3环之间的区域是结构抗火的薄弱部位.