气溶胶粒子对光场增强的研究

本用几何光学方法对光束通过透明气溶胶粒子时，产生的光场增强现象进行了分析。导出了气溶胶粒子前向临界区域光能密度有较大增强，而在光轴上相对较小。并对液态气溶胶粒子做了实验，用波长γ＝０．４８８ｕｍ的激光束照射气溶胶粒子，在实验中观察到了光场增强点，可以预言：光学击穿等非线性效应，将言先从增强点发生。     

出口直径对内混式空气雾化喷嘴雾化特性及降尘性能的影响

为了掌握喷嘴出口直径对气水喷雾降尘的影响,基于自行设计的气水喷雾降尘实验平台,对不同出口直径的空气雾化喷嘴流量、雾化特性及降尘性能进行了实测,并对实验结果作对比分析。研究结果表明:随着出口直径的增加,喷嘴耗水量几乎保持线性增长,而耗气量呈现指数增长的变化趋势;喷雾射程和雾滴体积分数均随着出口直径的增大不断增大,而雾化角先增大后减小;出口直径为2. 0 mm的喷嘴雾化质量最好,所形成的雾滴索太尔平均直径D[3,2]最小,且雾滴粒径呈现正态分布,雾滴尺寸较为集中;雾滴速度沿喷嘴轴线方向不断衰减,且喷嘴直径越大雾滴速度衰减越缓慢;随着喷嘴直径的增加,雾滴速度呈现先增大后减小的变化规律;全尘和呼吸性粉尘降尘效率随着喷嘴出口直径的增加均有所提高,但增幅较小;综合考虑喷嘴降尘性能、耗水量和耗气量等因素,在采掘作业场所进行气水喷雾降尘时,选择出口直径为2. 0～3. 0 mm的空气雾化喷嘴较为合适。     

滨海环境颗粒物对分散溢油表面性质的影响

用室内实验模拟海洋环境的方法,研究了在不同颗粒物浓度和粒径、海水盐度以及pH值条件下,加入不同种类的颗粒物对胜利原油表面性质的影响;同时制备石油 悬浮颗粒物凝聚体(OSAs),并测定凝聚体中油滴平均粒径的大小。结果表明:随着悬浮颗粒物浓度的增加和颗粒物粒径的减小,油 水界面张力和Zeta电位逐渐减小;在加入不同颗粒物条件下油 水界面张力、Zeta电位和油滴粒径均随着海水盐度的增加而减小,加入高岭土时达到最小,分别为02 mN/m、-347 mV和86 μm;油 水界面张力随pH值的增加先减小后增大,Zeta电位随pH值的增加先增大后减小,油 水界面张力最低值和Zeta电位最高值均在pH值为7~8时达到;消油剂和颗粒物共同作用条件下,油 水界面张力、Zeta电位和油滴粒径可分别降低至01 mN/m、-191 mV和19 μm。     

CO2复合驱油分子动力学模拟及微观机理研究

为了探索较大幅度提高高含水期复杂断块油田剩余油采收率,提出了CO₂复合驱方式进行剩余油开采对策并在矿场先导试验井组取得了显著的增油降水效果,但对CO₂复合驱油体系微观增油机理的相关研究较少,亟需开展这方面的基础研究。基于CT扫描结果,结合油藏开发实际,明确了滴状和膜状剩余油为难以动用的2种剩余油类型;构建了溶解油滴模型和剥离油膜模型,利用分子动力学方法进行模拟。溶解油滴模拟结果表明,CO₂扩散至油滴中,增加其体积,然后油滴分子逐渐溶解在驱油体系中;剥离油膜分子动力学模拟结果表明,CO₂在油相中先形成扩散通道,随后CO₂优先通过扩散通道至岩石表面,CO₂在表面上形成氢键而产生吸附。     

不锈钢焊条熔滴过渡及其影响因素研究

采用水中收集熔滴、平板堆焊、高速摄影等试验方法,研究了典型不锈钢要熔滴过渡特性及其影响因素。结果表明,熔滴过渡指数为优化值时,焊条熔滴呈渣壁过渡形态,焊条的综合工艺性最佳;药皮中的ＳｉＯ２细化熔滴作用最强,增大药皮厚度和焊接电流均使熔滴细化,但受焊条工艺性制约;熔滴反应区的渗Ｓｉ反应亦有利于细化熔滴,但受焊缝最高含Ｓｉ量的限制;焊接熔渣的碱度、组成物及含量对熔滴过渡特性亦有一定的影响,提出了“焊条     

采用液滴分析技术定量检测水中溶解氧的研究

在原有光纤-电容传感器的基础上,引入了光纤溶解氧(DO)传感器,在保持液滴分析仪原有结构的情况下,可同时获得水质的定性和定量信息。基于液滴分析技术(DAT)对水中30种不同浓度的DO含量进行了检测。实验结果表明,基于DTA,采用光纤DO传感器检测液体的DO含量是有效的。在考虑温度影响时,二次多项式拟合模型效果最佳,系统的灵敏度可达0.1mg/L,最大相对误差为2.38%。     

基于模式分类的喷嘴料液雾滴速度测量研究

测量烟叶加料过程中料液雾滴喷射后的速度变化,为烟叶加料均匀性的评价提供有效数据。实验从喷嘴的轴向面采集喷出的雾滴图像,对采集到的图像进行预处理和图像分割,采用模式分类对分割出的雾滴分类,根据高速相机成像的测量方法计算出每一类雾滴的速度。研究结果表明,由模式分类统计出的数据,其准确率达到95.65%,使用该数据计算出的速度误差为4.6%,两项数据均在规定范围之内。使用高速摄像机获取图像,采用软件计算出雾滴速度,与早期实验方案相比,降低了测量设备价格,实现低成本测量;模式分类的测量方法准确率较高,为后续加料均匀性分析提供可靠的数据,且效率更高,同时为数据测量的智能化打下基础。     

Magnetocontrollable Droplet and Bubble Manipulation on a Stable Amphibious Slippery Gel Surface

Smart manipulation of liquid/bubble transport has garnered widespread attention due to its potential applications in many fields. Designing a responsive surface has emerged as an effective strategy for achieving controllable transport of liquids/bubbles. However, it is still challenging to fabricate stable amphibious responsive surfaces that can be used for the smart manipulation of liquid in air and bubbles underwater. Here, amphibious slippery surfaces are fabricated using magnetically responsive soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) doped with iron powder and silicone oil. The slippery gel surface retains its magnetic responsiveness and demonstrates strong affinity for bubbles underwater but shows small and switching resistance forces with the water droplets in air and bubbles underwater, which is the key factor for achieving the controllable transport of liquids/bubbles. On the slippery gel surface, the sliding behaviors of water droplets and bubbles can be reversibly controlled by alternately applying/removing an external magnetic field. Notably, compared with slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces, the slippery gel surface demonstrates outstanding stability, whether in air or underwater, even after 100 cycles of alternately applying/removing the magnetic field. This surface shows potential applications in gas/liquid microreactors, gas–liquid mixed fluid transportation, bubble/droplet manipulation, etc.     

Lossless,Passive Transportation of Low Surface Tension Liquids Induced by Patterned Omniphobic Liquidlike Polymer Brushes

Surfaces enabling directional liquid transportation are of great interest for a wide range of applications such as water collection, microfluidics, and heat transfer systems. Surfaces capable of lossless, long-range passive transportation of low surface tension (LST) liquids using wettability patterned, liquidlike coatings with minimal contact angle hysteresis are reported. Lossless LST droplet travel distances over 150 mm are achieved, enabled by a two-phase transportation mechanism: morphological transformation from a bulge to a channel shape, followed by directional transportation along the asymmetrical wedge-shaped channel. The developed surfaces can split, merge, and precisely transport various low-surface tension liquids, including alcohols, alkanes, and solvents. The developed transportation strategy can also enhance LST liquid dropwise condensation through continuous removal of the condensate, even on horizontally positioned surfaces without the assistance of gravity.     

Facile Synthesis of Red/NIR AIE Luminogens with Simple Structures,Bright Emissions,and High Photostabilities,and Their Applications for Specific Imaging of Lipid Droplets and Image‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy

Red/near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent molecules with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics are of great interest in bioimaging and therapeutic applications. However, their complicated synthetic approaches remain the major barrier to implementing these applications. Herein, a one‐pot synthetic strategy to prepare a series of red/NIR‐emissive AIE luminogens (AIEgens) by fine‐tuning their molecular structures and substituents is reported. The obtained AIEgens possess simple structures, good solubilities, large Stokes shifts, and bright emissions, which enable their applications toward in vitro and in vivo imaging without any pre‐encapsulation or ‐modification steps. Excellent targeting specificities to lipid droplets (LDs), remarkable photostabilities, high brightness, and low working concentrations in cell imaging application make them remarkably impressive and superior to commercially available LD‐specific dyes. Interestingly, these AIEgens can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species upon visible light irradiation, endowing their effective application for photodynamic ablation of cancer cells. This study, thus, not only demonstrates a facile synthesis of red/NIR AIEgens for dual applications in simultaneous imaging and therapy, but also offers an ideal architecture for the construction of AIEgens with long emission wavelengths.