Antimicrobial residues survey by LC-MS in food-producing animals in Lebanon

ABSTRACT

The treatment of animals with antimicrobial products may lead to the contamination of edible tissues by their residues, which may represent a risk to human health. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of antimicrobial residues in food-producing animals (chicken, beef, and milk) in Lebanon. A total of 310 samples were collected and analysed using an LC-MS/MS for the determination of 48 compounds belonging to different families in order to map their compliance according to the European Commission decision 2002/657/EC. Results show that 60% of the analysed samples were not contaminated by any residue, while 12% presented a concentration higher than the MRLs for tetracyclines, sulphonamides, quinolones, and macrolides. Results revealed that chicken were the most contaminated by antimicrobial residues, when compared to beef and milk. The obtained results demonstrate the uncontrolled use of antimicrobials in some Lebanese farms and claim for better management of livestock.     

稠油微生物开采技术现状及进展

综述了用微生物方法开采稠油的技术现状与进展，论题如下。①概述。②基本方法：异源微生物采油，包括微生物吞吐和微生物驱；本源微生物采油压大港孔店油田的实例。③主要机理，包括产表面活性剂，降解稠油中重质组分及其他。④技术研究，包括机理性、可行性及经济效益研究，列举了国内外6个实例。⑤现场应用，包括国外1个、国内6个实例。⑥该技术的优势及问题。参22。     

A General Role for Early Onset Cues and Intra-Event Learning; Comment on McDonald and Siegel (2004).

Research on classical conditioning with drug unconditional stimuli has had a profound effect on the understanding of general conditioning processes. The experiment reported by R. V. McDonald and S. Siegel (see record 2004-10475-001) demonstrates that cues coincident with the onset of an event can become associated with the rest of the event. This sort of learning is probably ubiquitous and has been proposed as a mechanism behind the development of panic disorder, in which interoceptive cues coincident with the start of a panic attack can be associated with the rest of the attack and can eventually come to elicit full-blown panic on their own. Evidence that extinction exposure to early onset cues can reduce their power is especially important. Drug conditioning research continues to provide a powerful testing ground for important general principles of learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rheological and drug‐release behaviour of a scleroglucan gel matrix at different drug loadings

The aim of this study was to investigate the drug‐loading effects on release and mechanical properties of a scleroglucan gel, with the intention of considering them in delivery systems formulations. The rheological and kinetic properties of a 2 % w/w scleroglucan gel matrix loaded with 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.2 and 0.4 % w/w of theophylline (Th, used as a model drug) were investigated. Rheological measurements were performed in a controlled‐stress rotational‐shear rheometer under isothermal conditions. For theophylline release from the gel a flat Franz cell was used and the kinetic parameters were derived applying a semi‐empirical power law. The influence of scleroglucan molar weight on kinetic and rheological behaviour was also studied. Results suggest two possible effects of drug loading on the gel network: in the 0.04–0.06 % w/w Th range a plasticizing effect and in the 0.2–0.4 % w/w Th range a rigidization effect. In the first range mentioned, the changes in the gel structural properties tested by means of rheological measurements are coincident with changes in drug‐release kinetics. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

迪银片治疗银屑病临床疗效观察

目的观察迪银片治疗银屑病的临床疗效。方法30例银屑病患者,口服迪银片8周,采用PASI评分法评价治疗前后效果,并观察有无不良反应发生。结果患者痊愈率56.7%,显效率36.7%,总有效率93.3%,无明显的不良反应。结论迪银片是临床治疗银屑病的有效药物之一。     

交联透明质酸的降解及其释药性能

用己二酸二酰肼（ADH）对透明质酸（HA）进行化学修饰，制备交联透明质酸（HA-ADH）薄膜。粘度法测试表明HA-ADH是一种可降解的生物材料，并且与HA相比，HA．ADH的降解速率减慢。在此基础上，研究了以疏水性的替硝唑（TDZ）和亲水性的头孢唑啉钠（CEZ）为模拟药物的HA-ADH药物载体薄膜的释药性能。紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱检测表明，HA-ADH是一种疏水性药物TDZ的优良缓释制荆，这是由于TDZ的疏水性和HA-ADH薄膜的缓慢溶胀和降解性能的结合而得到的，药物的释放主要受扩散机制控制。     

偶氮聚氨酯的合成与表征

合成了对二氨基偶氮苯（DAAB），用甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、二缩三乙二醇（TEG）、DAAB为硬段，以聚乙二醇2000为软段，采用溶液二步法合成了聚氨酯。用UV、IR、^1H-NMR确证了DAAB的组成和结构；用UV、IR、TG表征了偶氮聚氨酯的结构和热性能；研究了偶氮聚氨酯的溶胀性能与软硬段组成的关系。     

Psychosocial treatment of the addictions: General issues facing psychologists.

Treatment of the addictions is changing. Psychosocial treatment programs and research projects have changed the way helping professionals view, treat, and prevent drug abuse. This article reviews the contributions included in this special series; they encompass several general issues facing psychologists who conduct treatment, research, and teaching in the field of addictive behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predictors of outcome in LAAM, buprenorphine, and methadone treatment for opioid dependence.

This study examined (1) predictors of treatment outcome for opioid-dependent participants in a single-site controlled trial comparing methadone, buprenorphine, and LAAM treatments and (2) the extent to which various subpopulations of patients may have more successful outcomes with each medication. The relationships between patient demographics, drug use history, and psychological status and outcome measures of treatment retention, opiate use, and cocaine use were assessed. We believe this study to be the first to demonstrate that predictors of treatment success appear to be largely similar in LAAM, buprenorphine, and methadone treatment for opioid dependence. We did not find any factors that would strongly guide selection of one medication over others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)