抗地震结构的服役费用函数及其建立方法

讨论了服役工程结构的经济性问题 ,包括 :抗地震结构在服役过程中为完成预定功能所需要的经济花费、这些花费同结构抗震可靠度的函数关系以及它们的建立方法。形成的服役费用函数可以作为决策结构最佳抗震设防标准的依据。     

性能优化在信息系统全生命周期中的研究

随着当今社会信息化程度的提高,企业对信息系统的功能和性能要求越来越高,系统的性能优化是依赖于信息系统分析与设计、系统开发、系统运行与维护、系统更新四个阶段. 在众多企业信息系统的设计和开发过程中,仅关注系统功能的实现,在系统优化方面考虑较少,将系统优化的重点放在系统运行和维护阶段. 这造成系统被“救火式”优化,只能治标不能治本或造成系统优化的成本巨大,甚至系统无法优化,导致系统不得不提前下线. 本文就如何在信息系统全生命周期的性能优化进行了一些探讨,提出各阶段性能优化的若干策略,并结合实际应用进行详细说明.     

可控式循环通断程序的算法

本文重点介绍了采用梯形图编写的一个程序算法,使用该算法,可以解决高炉上料时,由于炉料中粉末多而引起的高炉悬料情况的发生.     

有机朗肯循环在多品位余热发电中的应用

低温余热的充分利用能够有效提高能源的利用效率、降低生产企业的能耗。本文以含硫天然气净化厂生产过程产生的余热为研究对象，对余热资源品位、余热回收潜能进行了分析和评价。通过对不同的余热发电方案进行分析对比，提出了以有机朗肯循环（ORC）为基础的多品位余热发电方案（MG-ORC），并对该发电方案进行了热力学分析。借助正交实验手段和多目标优化方法，对不同循环工质条件下MG-ORC发电方案的性能进行了对比分析，结果表明：工质R-600较其余4种工质表现出更优的综合性能，MG-ORC发电系统热效率为17.7%，净输出功率约2600kW。MG-ORC发电方案能够有效合理利用含硫天然气净化厂产生的余热，实现了能源的按质用能和梯级利用。     

Modelling water flow,nitrogen transport and root uptake including physical non-equilibrium and optimization of the root water potential

A model is presented for the simulation of water flow, heat flow, and nitrate and ammonium transport. Two approaches are used for modelling plant water uptake as well as for plant nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen transformations are accounted for in a very simple way. This paper focuses mainly on water flow modelling, solute transport, and water uptake. Richards' equation is used to model water flow in layered soil profiles with a great variety of boundary conditions. Solute transport is simulated with either a simple convection dispersion equation or with a two-region physical non-equilibrium model to distinguish between mobile and immobile water and solute exchange between these two regions. A macroscopic sink term is added to Richards' equation to account for plant water uptake. This term can be calculated along two different approaches, one of which is based on the concept of root water potential. The root water potential is then continuously optimized to minimize the difference between the climatic demand and the uptake rate.Simulation results are compared with field data from the Netherlands to illustrate the degree to which the model is able to predict water flow, solute transport and plant water uptake. The root water potential optimization model seems to provide the best prediction of water distribution. In particular the shape of the profile, revealing uptake patterns, is quite well reproduced with this model. Comparison of simulated and observed water content profiles seems also to reveal the presence of preferential pathways. The comparisons show also how predicted solute distributions can be improved by using a two-region approach rather than a simple convection-dispersion model.     

MCM-41-supported Co-Mo catalysts for deep hydrodesulfurization of light cycle oil

Light cycle oil (LCO), a by-product of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process in a petroleum refinery, can be used as a blendstock for the production of diesel and jet fuels. Regulatory and operational issues result in need for new and more active catalysts for the deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of diesel feedstocks, such as LCO. This paper reports the activity of a mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41-supported Co-Mo catalyst in comparison to a commercial γ-alumina (Al₂O₃)-supported Co-Mo catalyst for the desulfurization of a LCO with a sulfur content of 2.19 wt.%. The HDS of dibenzothiophene, 4-methyldibenzothiophene, and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene—polyaromatic sulfur compounds present in LCO—and their relative reactivities in terms of conversion were examined as a function of time on stream in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The MCM-41-supported catalyst demonstrates consistently higher activity for the HDS of the refractory dibenzothiophenic sulfur compounds, particularly 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. The presence of a large concentration of aromatics in LCO appears to inhibit the HDS of the substituted dibenzothiophenes.     

防止设备结垢延长乙烯装置运行周期

设备结垢堵塞问题已成为乙烯装置长周期运转的难点。笔者重点论述了急冷油塔和冷箱的结垢问题及防范措施。     

混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的环境因素研究现状

硫酸盐侵蚀是水泥混凝土结构病害劣化的主要原因之一.海水、盐湖、地下水等环境中大多含有硫酸盐,混凝土组分本身也有可能带有硫酸盐,而它们在各种条件下对混凝土产生腐蚀作用,使其发生破坏.文章分析了阳离子、阴离子、硫酸盐浓度、温度、PH值、干湿循环及冻融循环、荷载作用等因素对混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的影响,综述了目前的研究现状,指出了当前研究成果中的成就与不足.     

5000t/d水泥窑Kalina循环余热发电系统应用

根据氨-水混合物的物性,讨论了不同热源温度下Kalina循环适用的工质参数匹配,以5 000 t/d新型干法水泥生产线为研究对象,将Kalina循环系统用于水泥窑余热发电.通过系统的流程仿真模拟,得出了Kalina循环在给定废热条件下的做功能力及系统热力学性能.计算结果表明,Kalina循环系统比Rank ine循环系统发电功率提高20.4%,热效率绝对值提高2.66%,效率达到44.31%.     

基于改进的BASS模型的服装产品生命周期研究

为提高服装的销售预测准确度,通过产品的生命周期曲线模型,使得服装销售预测的定性分析与定量预测有机地结合在一起。针对目前服装产品生命周期曲线模型的局限性,引入改进的BASS模型,对服装产品生命周期进行研究。通过销售实例探讨改进的BASS模型用于描述服装生命周期的可行性,建立了以改进的BASS模型为基础的服装产品生命周期模型,并利用该模型对服装销售量做预测,取得了比其他模型更高的精度。