变焦-临界穿透束流极值法测量电子束流动态焦点——一种焦点测量方法介绍

通过试验研究发现了电子束焊接过程中工件传导电流的传导比均值与输入束流的函数规律，函数的极大值是电子束焊接动态过程工件被穿透的临界状态转变点。利用电子束焊接过程的临界穿透束流特性，讨论了电子束受金属蒸气影响后的焦点状态与漂移空间传输的电子束焦点状态存在不同特性，提出了一种测量电子束焊接过程动态焦点的方法，变焦-临界穿透束流极值焦点测量法。     

铁路车辆铆钉拉伸断口不平整原因分析

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对失效铁路车辆铆钉的微观组织与断口进行分析.结果表明,铆钉拉伸断口上产生凸台阶的主要原因是在槽口边缘形成的裂纹扩展到心部之前,又在中心形成新的裂纹,且在这些中心裂纹处发生塑性变形.通过调整热处理工艺与控制材料中夹杂物级别可以解决断口不平问题.     

卷取机助卷辊液压踏步压力控制系统动态特性分析

在对卷取机助卷辊液压踏步位置控制系统动态特性分析的基础上[1],建立了用于液压踏步压力控制系统动态特性分析的数学模型,并利用m atlab/simu link得到了压力控制系统的动态结构框图,实现了动态仿真。     

Nb-Ti连铸坯热芯大压下轧制动态再结晶行为研究

采用热模拟单道次压缩实验，研究了Nb-Ti连铸坯热芯大压下轧制中动态再结晶行为及奥氏体晶粒转变规律。结果表明，变形温度越高，应变速率越低，发生动态再结晶的临界应变值越小，动态再结晶越充分。在变形温度1 350 ℃，继续增加应变至0.8和增加应变速率至10 s^-1，奥氏体晶粒尺寸并未得到进一步细化，反而较应变0.5和应变速率5 s^-1下的奥氏体晶粒更加粗大。这是因为高温粘塑性区的金属晶间粘性流动增加，位错增殖速度增大，在动态再结晶过程中会重新形成新的无畸变再结晶晶粒，这些新的无畸变晶粒的亚动态再结晶动力学极快，在较大驱动力下使奥氏体晶界快速迁移，从而使奥氏体发生一定程度的粗化。     

Machining characteristics and fracture morphologies in a copper-beryllium (Cu-2Be) alloy

The technology of materials removal is improved greatly by the introduction of advanced cutting tools like cubic boron nitride, ceramics, polycrystalline diamond and the more recent whisker-reinforced materials. In this paper, the influence of cutting temperature on machinability, mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy using a polycrystalline diamond cutter is investigated. The information on machining, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy are very useful to understand their fabrication characteristics and the basic mechanisms of its deformation and fracture. The machinability (in terms of surface finish) of Cu-2Be alloy is evaluated as a function of cutting temperature, resulting from wet and dry cutting. Machining is carried out on a Hardinge Cobra 42 CNC machine (Hardinge Inc., Elmira, NY), and the machining parameters used—cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate—are kept constant during both wet and dry cutting. The machined surface finish on Cu-2Be alloy is measured using a surface finish analyzer (Surftest 401, series 178) technique. The machined specimens are examined for their strength and hardness properties using a standard Universal Testing Machine and Rockwell hardness tester, respectively. Wet cutting (using coolants) produced a smooth surface finish when compared with dry cutting of the Cu-2Be alloy. The machined specimens are examined for their microstructural features using a Nikon optical microscope. The specimens are etched using a suitable etchant solution for revealing such microstructure constituents as grain size, phase proportions, and the possible overheated areas (especially in dry cutting). The fractured surfaces from the tensile and impact toughness tests are investigated for their fracture morphologies (dry and wet cutting) using a microprocessor-controlled scanning electron microscope (Jeol Model JSM 5910 LV). A detailed analysis is also made to understand and interpret the basic fracture mechanisms responsible for crack initiation and crack propagation. The Cu-2Be alloy showed relatively higher mechanical properties in wet cutting in comparison to dry cutting operations. Fracture studies demonstrated intergranular and ductile fractures as dominant modes of fracture mechanisms in Cu-2Be alloy.     

Resistance welding of carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone composites using metal mesh and PEI film

Weldability of polyetheretherketone( PEEK) with polyetherimide( PEI) is tested. And carbon fiber reinforced PEEK laminates are resistance welded using stainless steel mesh heating element. The effects of the welding time and welding pressure on the lap shear strength of joints are investigated. Results show that PEEK can heal with PEI well in welding condition and the lap shear strength of PEEK/CF(carbon fibre) joint increases linearly with welding time, but reaches a maximum value when welding pressure ranging from 0.3 MPa to 0.5 MPa with constant welding time. The fracture characteristics of surface are analyzed by SEM techniques, and four types of fracture modes of lap shear joints are suggested.     

工程机械用800MPa低合金高强度钢焊接接头断裂韧性评价

对调质状态800MPa低合金高强度钢及其焊接接头进行了系列温度的断裂韧性测试,讨论不同焊接方法对焊接接头断裂韧性的影响。发现板材的轧制方向对断裂韧性影响显著,LT方向试件的断裂韧性远超过TL方向试件的断裂韧性。在-60℃以上,母材处于上平台延性断裂范畴。在-80℃,裂纹扩展过程中有延脆断裂模式的转变。焊条电弧焊焊缝的断裂韧性与气体保护焊焊缝的断裂韧性相当。尽管常温下焊缝金属的断裂韧性甚至优于母材,但随着试验温度的降低,焊缝金属的断裂韧性迅速下降。在-20℃已发生断裂模式转变,这在结构服役时要引起重视。本研究为大型工程机械的断裂安全评定奠定了基础。     

Constitutive model of rock under static-dynamic coupling loading and experimental investigation

1 Introduction Rock fragmentation, boring, explosive, rockburst etc in engineering domain of mineral are almost concerned with cracking of rock experiencing dynamic loading, and a plenty of results have been obtained[1]. But the related studies are almos…     

Influence of viscous medium temperature distribution on sheet fracture in viscous pressure forming at warm temperature

Viscous pressure forming （VPF） of aluminum alloy AA3003 sheet metal at warm temperature was investigated by using coupled thermo-elastoplastic-viscoplastic finite element method. The influence of viscous medium temperature distribution on sheet fracture location was studied and the distributions of fracture factor at different temperatures were obtained by using ductile fracture criterion. The results show that the failure of sheet metal varies with increasing initial temperature of viscous medium. When the initial temperature of viscous medium is near that of sheet metal, the failure location occurs at dome center, and when the initial temperature of viscous medium is too low, however, the failure location occurs at die comer. The occurrence of fracture can be postponed and even prevented through controlling the temperature distribution in viscous medium.     

用EB-PVD法制备Ti-AI／Nb层板复合材料的研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积（EB-PVD）技术，成功制备了0．2mm厚由24层Ti．Al和23层Nb交替叠加而成的Ti—AI／Nb层板复合材料，并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试手段，对其物相组成和断口形貌等与Ti-Al单层材料进行了对比分析。结果表明，Ti—AI／Nb层板复合材料的界面明晰，层间距约为8gm；Ti-AI层由γ相和τ相组成，其成分呈梯度变化，且平均成分与原始铸锭的成分偏差较大，但未发现Ti-Al单层材料中看到的分层现象；Ti-AI／Nb层板复合材料具有比Ti-Al单层材料更好的韧性。