融合邻域回归和稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重构

对于图像超分辨率重建而言,通常会将图像的整体信息作为研究对象。然而图像本身含有的大量结构信息并没有得到充分利用。为了提高超分辨率重建的效果,实现对不同特征信息的利用,提出了一种融合邻域回归和稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重构算法。依据图像所具有的低秩性对高分辨率图像进行分解,获得高分辨率图像的低秩部分和稀疏部分;将对应的低分辨率图像与高分辨率图像的低秩部分和稀疏部分进行训练,学习得到对应的特征字典;基于高分辨率图像的低秩部分和稀疏部分分别基于稀疏表示和邻域嵌入进行高分辨率重构;基于低秩矩阵恢复理论,融合邻域回归和稀疏表示重构的高分辨率图像,得到最终的高分辨率图像。在测试集Set5和Set14上将提出的算法与几种经典算法进行对比实验,可视化和量化结果均表明,相比传统超分辨率算法,提出的算法在PSNR和SSIM都有很好的提升。     

面向河流生态完整性的黄河下游生态需水过程研究

提供适宜的生态流量对维护河流健康和支撑人类社会发展具有重要意义。尽管栖息地模拟法物理机制清晰、应用广泛,但对生物群落考虑不足、生命节律信号缺失等问题长期存在。以维护河流土著生物群落完整性为目标,本文将天然水文情势作为参照系统,结合栖息地模拟与水文参照系统特征值,建立了一种面向河流生态完整性的生态需水过程评估方法,兼顾指示物种生存繁衍和土著生物群落基本生存。黄河下游利津断面评估结果显示:利津断面年最小生态需水量119亿m~3,适宜生态需水量130～137亿m~3,涨水期需提供1～2次持续时间不低于7 d、流量不低于1220 m~3/s的高流量脉冲。对比历史实测流量过程与本文生态需水成果,发现利津断面水量充足,但流量过程不满足生态需求。黄河需加强水库群调度,协调径流年际和年内分布,塑造适宜的生态流量过程,并适时塑造高流量脉冲。     

城市历史水系修复规划思路与策略研究——以长春市为例

随着近年来城市水系治理和旧城更新、历史文化复兴的开展,城市历史水系的修复越来越受到各界的关注,如何使历史水系修复与规划设计体系相结合已然成为重要议题。借助于文献综述、历史地图分析、案例的实际应用等方法展开研究,并提出了城市历史水系修复的规划目标、指标和实施途径,以及水系修复项目的工作流程。在此基础上,以长春市老城区为例,对"一纵五横"历史水系的演变过程和现状进行了调研与评估,通过基于水系留存率、内涝黑臭、遗产保留状况等方面情况来确定水系的修复工程时序,提出了治理内涝黑臭、强化水系格局、盘活滨水空间及加强公众参与的修复策略。论文研究成果可为中国其他地区及历史文化名城的水系修复提供一定的参考。     

水库生态调度现状与展望

生态调度是在兼顾水库调度的社会、经济效益的基础上重点考虑生态因素的水库调度新模式。简要介绍了生态流量、生态调度等概念,同时对世界各地生态调度实践的过去(2000年以前)和现在(2000～2019年)的研究情况进行了综述,并对未来的研究进行了展望。生态调度研究最早于20世纪40年代从研究河流最小生态流量开始,期间提出水文学方法、水力学方法、生境模拟法等200多种生态流量计算方法。现阶段有关生态调度的探索强调将生态因子纳入传统的水库调度过程,由早期的单目标生态调度发展成多目标生态调度,包括生态水量调度、水质调度、泥沙调度和水生生物资源调度。联合调度、梯级调度、分层取水调度等方式被应用于水库调度实践中并取得了显著的成效。此外,大量研究显示,通过工程措施、生物措施和管理措施可以很好地解决生态调度过程中的一些难题。然而,对生态调度机制的研究仍旧匮乏,大量基于经验统计的生态调度工作难以从本质上解决经济发展与生态效益之间的矛盾。因此,从机理层面构建生态调度模型是目前亟待解决的问题,也将成为生态调度领域的新热点。此外,如何对生态调度的效果特别是其对水生态系统健康的效果进行量化,也是当今亟待解决的现实问题。     

长江生态航道技术研究进展与展望

建设生态文明是中华民族永续发展的千年大计,流域经济发展要将生态保护摆在压倒性位置。系统分析了生态航道的发展历程和研究现状,重点阐述了长江生态航道技术在理论框架与评价体系、生态航道建设技术、生态监测与修复补偿方法3方面取得的重要进展和突破,并对长江生态航道技术在几个大型航道整治工程中的应用实践进行了概述,最后结合长江生态航道技术研究进展与实践,指出了未来长江生态航道技术的发展方向。     

论《淮南子》的生态哲学思想

《淮南子》生态哲学在本体论上坚持“道生万物”的形而上学;在自然观上强调“天人同构”的生态整体主义观点;在价值观上主张“我亦物也”的生态平等主义思想;在实践观上倡导“自然无为”的生活理念。这与现代西方生态哲学理论不谋而合,其特有的东方生态智慧能够为丰富和发展现代生态哲学理论带来有益的启示。     

博斯腾湖流域水资源管理决策支持系统设计与实现

为了提高博斯腾湖流域水资源管理水平,设计开发了针对该流域的水资源管理决策支持系统。系统基于Microsoft.NET平台,采用Visual Studio、SQL Server、ArcGIS工具集开发,在流域“地-云-空”一体化监测体系和系统架构的基础上,构建了地图要素管理、基本水文信息、流域生态流量等主要模块,实现了流域空间可视化查询、实时流量动态模拟、流域生态基流计算以及水资源管理配置等功能。结合博斯腾湖流域1956—2019年水文资料及目前数据获取情况,系统可为不同发展模式下水资源管理提供多方面参考信息和技术支撑,能有效提高水资源管理部门决策效率。     

乡村振兴战略指导下的生态灌区建设与管理

针对生态灌区建设与管理存在的产业与资源低效、灌溉水质恶化、生态多样性降低等问题,以乡村振兴战略为理论指导,从乡村振兴战略20字总要求出发,探讨乡村振兴战略思想下的生态灌区建设与管理,提出了农业质量产量底线、生态与环境底线和资源开发利用上限的生态灌区建设与管理三条红线,指出生态灌区应向粮食增产提质和其他产品有效供给、生态环境优美宜居、资源保护与高效利用方向发展,为实现生态灌区可持续型绿色发展提供科学参考。     

Biomic river restoration: A new focus for river management

River management based solely on physical science has proven to be unsustainable and unsuccessful, evidenced by the fact that the problems this approach intended to solve (e.g., flood hazards, water scarcity, and channel instability) have not been solved and long‐term deterioration in river environments has reduced the capacity of rivers to continue meeting the needs of society. In response, there has been a paradigm shift in management over the past few decades, towards river restoration. But the ecological, morphological, and societal benefits of river restoration have, on the whole, been disappointing. We believe that this stems from the fact that restoration overrelies on the same physical analyses and approaches, with flowing water still regarded as the universally predominant driver of channel form and structural intervention seen as essential to influencing fluvial processes. We argue that if river restoration is to reverse long‐standing declines in river functions, it is necessary to recognize the influence of biology on river forms and processes and re‐envisage what it means to restore a river. This entails shifting the focus of river restoration from designing and constructing stable channels that mimic natural forms to reconnecting streams within balanced and healthy biomes, and so levering the power of biology to influence river processes. We define this new approach as biomic river restoration.     

Restoring Murray River floodplain wetlands: Does the sediment record inform on watering regime?

The floodplain wetlands of the southern Murray Darling Basin (MDB) have been subject to the impacts of catchment and water resource development for more than a century. Their current degraded state is attributed to the regulation of the rivers and abstraction of water volume for irrigation. The MDB Plan is to return at least 2,750 Gl of mean annual flow to the system to restore the condition of waterways. Considerable recent investment in infrastructure enables water to be released into the basin's floodplain wetlands. The proposed watering regime is underpinned by modelling that suggests that, before regulation, overbank flows would have occurred regularly as discharge peaked in winter and spring. Sediment cores have been extracted from over 50 floodplain wetlands of the southern Murray Basin. Those from several, large meander wavelength billabongs extend for 1,000–5,000 years suggesting that these sites were permanently inundated over that time. Others extend to ~200 years and are presumed not to have accumulated sediment until more recently. The records of most wetlands, however, only extend to the onset of river regulation in the 1920s, suggesting that before then they were not inundated for sufficient duration for net accumulation to occur. Preserved diatoms suggest that the shallow, plant‐dominated wetlands of the past have transitioned to deep, turbid water systems today. As rivers are identified as a source of sediment to wetlands, less regular inundation, rather than more, is a viable option in restoring the ecological function of these floodplain wetlands and in slowing sediment infill.