Benchmarking Fluvial Dynamics for Process‐Based River Restoration: the Upper Rhine River (1816–2014)

Multi‐temporal analysis of river‐floodplain processes is a key tool for the identification of reference conditions or benchmarks and for the evaluation of deviations or deficits as a basis for process‐based river restoration in large modified rivers. This study developed a methodology for benchmarking fluvial processes at river segment level, focusing on those interrelations between morphodynamics (aggradation, erosion, channel shift) and vegetation succession (initial, colonization, transition) that condition habitat structure. Habitat maps of the free‐flowing Upper Rhine River downstream from Iffezheim dam (France–Germany border) were intersected with a geographic information system‐based approach. Patches showing trajectories of anthropization, changeless, progression and regression allowed for the identification of natural and human‐induced processes over almost 200 years. Before channelization, the riverine system was characterized by a shifting habitat mosaic with natural heterogeneity, high degree of surface water connectivity and equilibrium between progression and regression processes. On the other hand, the following 175 years of human interventions led to severe biogeomorphologic deficits evidenced by loss of natural processes and habitat heterogeneity, hydrological disconnection between the river and its floodplain and imbalance of progression versus regression dynamics. The main driving forces of change are found in hydromorphological impacts (channelization, regulation and hydropower plant construction). Regression processes are now almost absent and have to be the objective of process‐based river restoration measures for the studied river‐floodplain system. A sustainable view on water management and river restoration should aim at a more resilient riverine system by balancing the recovery of natural processes with societal needs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

表土复原的生态利用价值研究——关于巴彦淖尔市生产建设项目表土剥离、保护及利用的探索

表层腐殖层土壤是大自然赐予人类的难以再生的宝贵财富。表土具有较高的经济生产力,属于难以再生的资源,是生态建设的基础。从资源、生态方面考虑,生产建设项目进行表土剥离保护利用十分必要。本文分析了巴彦淖尔市表土剥离存在的主要问题,提出了表土剥离利用主要措施及有关技术要求。     

柔性无机材料外墙保温隔热涂料的研制

以弹性丙烯酸乳液为成膜物,以玻化微珠、空心玻璃微珠、膨胀蛭石、岩棉纤维为填料,在助剂的配合下,制备柔性保温隔热涂料。以薄涂型施工于建筑外墙作保温层,其涂层具有生态环保、安全稳固、保温隔热、防水防火、柔韧抗裂、施工简便等优点,适用于夏热冬暖、夏热冬冷地区的建筑物外墙作保温施工。     

无线传感器网络连通恢复综述

针对无线传感器网络中连通恢复问题,分析和总结了近年来相关的主要方向和研究成果,同时对无线传感器网络连通恢复解决方法进行了分类和总结,并指出了其中的不足与未来的研究方向。     

聚酯瓶的生态性能分析及设计

利用材料的生命周期评估法对聚酯瓶的生态性能和设计要点进行分析。瓶级聚酯的巨大市场 ,优良的物理化学性能 ,简便安全的加工使用特点 ,使聚酯瓶成为一次包装革命。其可持续发展的关键是回收利用。目前回收最多的国家为 3 4% ,60 %以上回收物用于生产纤维。应针对各种回收方法 ,建立稳定的消费 回收 再循环加工的网络。     

基于互信息的湖泊日水位预测——以西洞庭湖为例

鉴于传统的湖泊水位预测在输入因子选择时具有一定的盲目性,以西洞庭湖为例,利用基于互信息的输入因子选择法建立了日水位预测模型。按河流生态功能将水文年划分为枯水期、汛前涨水期、汛期、汛后退水期4个时期,然后分期计算影响湖泊日水位的自变量与日水位的互信息,并引入广义相关系数将互信息归一化,选出各时期互信息最大的自变量因子作为模型的输入变量。经过模型计算与数据分析可得:F检验结果显著,回归值与实测值的相关度高,剩余标准差小。由此证明用互信息筛选出的因子作为模型的输入变量能取得较好的精度并在实际中易于操作。     

三峡水库香溪河库湾水华水动力调控初步研究

针对三峡水库蓄水运行后支流库湾春季水华频现问题,利用CE-QUAL-W2模型建立了香溪河-三峡库区整体立面二维水动力数学模型,对三峡水电站不同开机数量和春季不同水文条件下的香溪河库湾流速进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明:香溪河上游来流量较小时,滞留区表层流速小于香溪河库湾水华的临界流速0.05 m/s;而香溪河上游来流量增大到合适的值时,香溪河滞留区表层流速可大于0.05 m/s;仅利用三峡电站小幅度日调节对支流库湾流速的改善效果十分有限,而利用干支流水库对香溪河库湾流速的联合调控效果明显,可控制三峡水库香溪河库湾水华爆发。     

北京市南水北调中线工程供水效益评估

采用分摊系数法、开采损失法、影子价格法以及替代工程法,计算了南水北调中线工程向北京供水的效益。计算结果表明:南水北调中线工程通水后所产生的供水效益为311.76亿元,其中经济效益为295.75亿元,生态环境效益为16.01亿元;同时,该工程投入运行以后,还发挥了显著的社会效益。计算研究结果可为相关部门制定调水方案以及实施水资源优化管理提供有益的参考。     

广东省典型中小河流水电站浮游植物组成与特征分析

对广东省典型中小河流的引水式和坝式水电站浮游植物的群落结构和种类组成进行了调查,结果表明,坝式电站浮游植物的种类、密度、生物量及多样性要大于引水式电站;电站坝上、坝下河段的浮游植物的物种组成和优势类群差别不大,浮游植物类群未发生明显分化,浮游植物群落内部都能够稳定发展,达到平衡状态。     

Nighttime face recognition at large standoff: Cross-distance and cross-spectral matching

Face recognition in surveillance systems is important for security applications, especially in nighttime scenarios when the subject is far away from the camera. However, due to the face image quality degradation caused by large camera standoff and low illuminance, nighttime face recognition at large standoff is challenging. In this paper, we report a system that is capable of collecting face images at large standoff in both daytime and nighttime, and present an augmented heterogeneous face recognition (AHFR) approach for cross-distance (e.g., 150 m probe vs. 1 m gallery) and cross-spectral (near-infrared probe vs. visible light gallery) face matching. We recover high-quality face images from degraded probe images by proposing an image restoration method based on Locally Linear Embedding (LLE). The restored face images are matched to the gallery by using a heterogeneous face matcher. Experimental results show that the proposed AHFR approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for cross-spectral and cross-distance face matching.