联产电厂中考虑机会成本的热电成本计算

对联产电厂的成本进行经济学上的分摊，不但考虑了燃料消耗、设备折旧及维护费用，还引入了联产电厂机会成本的概念，并按照产品地位系数将机会成本合理地分摊到供热和发电方面，从而改变了热经济学成本只考虑会计成本的计算方法。运用这种方法计算的热、电成本更适合商业运行实际。     

行为经济学——一门新兴的学科

进入９０年代以来，经济的发展又一次推动着经济理论的发展和演变．新经济的现象不断出现，使得经济学靠模型和计算机未能找到解决问题的答案，正统经济学再次受到严峻的挑战．与此同时，行为经济学，以人类的行为作为基本研究对象的经济理论，正逐步发展起来．本文将介绍行为经济学的产生和发展、主要理论观点以及一些行为分析对中国社会经济发展的启示．     

Teaching Macroeconomics with GAMS

Our general goal in this paper is to show how to implement in GAMS standard deterministic nonlinear macro models, and stochastic linear macro models with rational expectations. We will also present basic concepts on solution methods and policy analysis for these kinds of models. As a practical illustration, we will use some well known teaching and experimental models in the macroeconomic literature.     

我国钢铁产业组织结构浅析

从产业组织的角度看，我国钢铁产业在蓬勃快速发展的背后，其产业组织结构存在着严重的不合理状况，主要表现在产业集中度低，规模经济性差，进入壁垒低等方面，使得产业的市场绩效低下，其反作用又促使产业结构矛盾加剧。这种相互作用的结果，已成为影响我国钢铁产业持续健康发展的主要原因。因此，必须从市场和产业组织政策两方面着手加以解决。     

300MW汽轮机排汽均流装置对排汽压力的影响及经济性分析

针对汽轮机凝汽器喉部出口蒸汽流场不均的问题，在凝汽器喉部出口加装了均流装置。文中根据模型和现场试验结果，利用两相流的有关理论，对排汽均流装置引起排汽压力降低的原因和经济性作了分析。指出传热系数增加、蒸汽阻力减小、真空泵人口压力降低等因素的共同作用是排汽压力降低、机组经济性提高的主要因素，为提高300MW机组经济性提供了一项新技术措施。     

电能质量问题的环境经济学视角分析

电能质量作为电能商品的主要属性，得到了越来越多的关注。文中分析电能质量问题的影响，从环境经济学视角，通过比较电能质量问题和环境经济学的异同点，得到电能质量问题和环境污染问题一样，其排放行为均具有外在性的特点，因此解决电能质量问题的核心是使污染排放行为外部性内部化。借鉴环境经济学理论，提出解决电能质量问题的3个新观念，即预防为主的电能质量观、可持续发展电能质量观、循环经济电能质量发展观。     

Economic and environmental assessment of irrigation water policies: A bioeconomic simulation study

We present a bioeconomic modeling approach that links the biophysical crop growth model CropSyst to an economic decision model at field scale. The developed model is used in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to optimize management decisions in potato production in the Broye catchment (Switzerland) in the context of different irrigation policy scenarios. More specifically, we consider the effects of water bans, water quotas, and water prices on water consumption, profitability, and the financial risks of potato production. The use of a genetic algorithm enables the direct integration of the considered decision variables as management input factors in CropSyst. We employ the farmer's certainty equivalent, measured as the expected profit margin minus a risk premium, as the objective function. Using this methodological framework allows us to consider the potential impacts of policy measures on farmers' crop management decisions due to their effects on both expected income levels and income variability.Our results show that the region's current water policy, which frequently prevents irrigation during hot and dry periods by banning water withdrawal, causes high levels of income risk for the farmer and increases the average water demand in potato production. In contrast, the implementation of an appropriate water quota could significantly decrease water consumption in potato production while allowing the farmer's certainty equivalent to remain at the same level as it is under the current irrigation water policy.     

浅谈导数在经济学中的应用

高等数学中的导数与经济学之间有密切的关系,运用导数理论在经济学中的应用进行研究,可以解决经济学中的一些常见问题。     

Electricity rates for the zero marginal cost grid

The electricity industry is rapidly changing: costs are increasingly dominated by capital and technology is turning loads into resources. This is similar to the early days of the Internet. Building on rate-structures used in the communications industry, utilities of the future should offer customers a portfolio of service contract options that provide a signal to the utility regarding the type and amount of infrastructure that should be deployed.     

关于餐馆消毒柜使用的经济学分析

目前,消毒柜是众多餐馆的必备消毒设备之一。但调查显示,由于使用成本等方面的原因,部分消毒柜往往成为摆设,没有起到应有的作用。文章从经济学角度对餐馆消毒柜使用问题进行分析。