Alcohol-related and alcohol-free activity participation and enjoyment among college students: A behavioral theories of choice analysis.

College student alcohol abuse remains a significant public health problem, and there is a need for theory-driven and empirically based models to guide prevention efforts. Behavioral theories of choice assume that the decision to consume alcohol is influenced by the relative value of alcohol versus other available activities. In the present study, a sample of college student drinkers (N=108; 56% female, 44% male) who had previously completed a mandatory alcohol intervention completed a measure of alcohol-related and alcohol-free activity participation and enjoyment. The goals of the study were to examine the influence of drinking quantity and contextual variables on activity enjoyment and to identify enjoyable alcohol-free activities that take place on evenings when students might otherwise be drinking. Overall, students found alcohol-related activities more enjoyable than alcohol-free activities, and drinking quantity was positively related to enjoyment. However, alcohol-free activities such as watching movies, going to the theater or museums, going to bars or parties, hanging out with friends, eating at restaurants, and engaging in creative activity were generally as enjoyable as drinking. Alcohol-free activities that included peers or dates were more enjoyable than solitary activities. Men were less likely to engage in alcohol-free activities that included peers and reported less enjoyment related to alcohol-free activities than did women. Further research is required to identify procedures for increasing participation in alcohol-free activities and to determine whether increased alcohol-free activity participation results in decreased alcohol consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates: What, whether, and why.

Are there sex differences in criteria for sexual relationships? The answer depends on what question a researcher asks. Data suggest that, whereas the sexes differ in whether they will enter short-term sexual relationships, they are more similar in what they prioritize in partners for such relationships. However, additional data and context of other findings and theory suggest different underlying reasons. In Studies 1 and 2, men and women were given varying "mate budgets" to design short-term mates and were asked whether they would actually mate with constructed partners. Study 3 used a mate-screening paradigm. Whereas women have been found to prioritize status in long-term mates, they instead (like men) prioritize physical attractiveness much like an economic necessity in short-term mates. Both sexes also show evidence of favoring well-rounded long- and short-term mates when given the chance. In Studies 4 and 5, participants report reasons for having casual sex and what they find physically attractive. For women, results generally support a good genes account of short-term mating, as per strategic pluralism theory (S. W. Gangestad & J. A. Simpson, 2000). Discussion addresses broader theoretical implications for mate preference, and the link between method and theory in examining social decision processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

原油管道输送过程的热分析

由热量传递关系导出了原油管输过程不同性质热量计算公式,研究了输送过程原油损失热、释放热、油流摩擦热及其组成比例与输量或输送速度的关系.结果表明,油流摩擦热并非为输量增大后吨油输送耗热量降低的唯一原因,原油管中通过时间的缩短降低了输送过程单位质量沿线损失热.通过时间缩短且同时摩擦热增大的共同影响是输量增加后热经济性明显提高的主要原因.管道总损失热则与单位质量情况不完全相同,它取决于散热环境和油地温差,优化加热方案并使油地温差维持在合理水平,也可使总损失热随输量增大而有所降低.     

甲苯选择歧化与甲苯-甲醇选择烃化合成对二甲苯新工艺--过程模拟与技术经济

化工新技术开发的核心是化学工程研究 ,化学工程研究的关键是化工过程概念设计。设计过程中需要作出大量的决策 ,这些决策经常是通过过程模拟与技术经济来完成的 ,只有对上一阶段工作评价做出肯定的结论后才能进一步开展下一阶段的工作。成功的概念设计不但可以节省人、财和物力资源 ,而且可以加快新技术的开发速度 ,提高开发工作的质量。甲苯选择歧化与甲苯 -甲醇选择烃化合成对二甲苯新工艺过程的概念设计是决定能否实现其工业生产的关键。案例通过工艺过程模拟与技术经济分析获得各种信息 ,为进行科研与生产决策提供了支持依据     

固体电蓄热装置及经济性分析

固体蓄热储能装置不仅克服了传统蓄热方式的缺点，而且兼具环保、高效、节能、安全等多项优势，有望替代一部分传统的取暖设备。本文在介绍固体电蓄热装置的原理基础上，分析固体电蓄热装置的经济性和应用前景。     

评估回热加热器热经济性的正确指标

在火电厂中 ,工程技术人员习惯用加热器的端差来评价回热加热器的热经济性。现今在大容量高参数机组的再热回热循环系统中 ,当装有独立的抽汽蒸汽冷却器的加热器或加热器具有内置式过热段时 ,该加热器的端差可能会出现负值。用热力学第二定律分析加热器的负值端差 ,将得到抽汽是被加热介质而给水是加热介质的错误结论。为此 ,对装有独立抽汽蒸汽冷却器或具有内置式过热段的回热加热器 ,建议采用加热器的传热系数和加热器有效度作为其经济性的评价指标     

200MW机组锅炉排污回收系统经济性对比

针对目前国产200MW机组的几种排污回收系统,从节能角度进行了热力经济性对比分析,提出了合理的系统连接方式。可供设计、运行单位进一步完善该系统作参考。     

Portable single-pan wood stoves of high efficiency for domestic use

We describe and evaluate here certain new designs for single-pan wood stoves of high efficiency. The novelty in the design consists chiefly in the use of improved geometries for the combustion chamber and the vessel support. Extensive tests on water boiling and cooking demonstrate efficiencies exceeding 40%; these high values are attributable to stove operation at near stoichiometric conditions. The configuration termed Swosthee is among the most efficient stoves available to date, and is able to burn wet wood under partial loading with little accompanying smoke. Two versions of the same basic design provide inexpensive stoves that retain to a large extent the advantages of the original design like the generation of pollutants at low levels in the flue gases and the ability to handle wet wood. For the proposed designs the dependence of their cooking efficiency on vessel size has been obtained. These are reflected in terms of specific fuel consumption (whose variation is a function of vessel size). The present designs, when compared to other currently available improved stove designs like Priyagni, Tara, the Tamil Nadu Stove and theAstra three-pan stove, are better with respect to at least one of the following criteria-efficiency, cost, CO emission and portability. The stoves are presently being disseminated in small numbers. The results presented here are the outcome of the projects on “Wood Stoves” financed and administered by the Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.     

Path-breaking books in regional science

This article presents a collection of regional science books that longstanding members of the Regional Science Association International (RSAI) identified as path-breaking books. The most frequently nominated books include the classics by Isard, the seminal books in urban economics by Alonso, Muth and Mills, methods books by Miernyk, Wilson, Anselin, and Cliff and Ord, textbooks by Beckmann and Richardson, as well as the recent contribution by Fujita, Krugman and Venables. Reviews of these books, written by leading scholars from different continents, make up the major contribution of this article and are a testimony to the far-reaching influence of regional science in the academic literature.JEL Classification: A2, B2, B3, C00, R00With contributions by Michael Batty, Manas Chatterji, Kieran Donaghy, Bernard Fingleton, Arthur Getis, Michael J. Greenwood, Daniel P. McMillen, Gordon F. Mulligan, Jan Oosterhaven,Peter V. Schaeffer, Daniel Shefer. See the Appendix for contributors affiliations and contact information.     

The Regional Dimension of Knowledge Transfers—A Behavioral Approach

Innovations are inherently connected to knowledge transfers. The need of face-to-face contacts to transfer tacit knowledge is commonly argued to cause a regional dimension of innovative activities. The paper presents an alternative explanation based on a model of boundedly rational actors who search for knowledge. It is shown that a regional dimension exists in these processes that results from a regional bias in an actor's search activities. Social embeddedness, a shared regional identity and limited spatial mobility foster this bias. We argue that insights from research on these topics can help to define the geographic size of a region.