水资源可持续发展和雨水集蓄利用

人类进入 2 1世纪之际 ,水资源紧缺已成为全球性的问题。第二届全球水论坛提出 2 1世纪要实现人类的安全供水。到 2 0 2 5年要解决 31亿人的供水基本需求。任务十分艰巨。我国西北、华北和西南地区的缺水山区 ,地面水和地下水严重缺乏 (或季节性缺乏 )。这里山大沟深 ,引水困难 ,农业生产靠天吃饭 ,水平低下 ,居民饮用水长期没有保障 ,供水和粮食都缺乏安全性 ,是我国贫困最集中的地方。水是促进当地可持续发展的关键因素 ,而雨水是最有潜力的资源。近两个世纪以来的实践证明 ,雨水集蓄利用成功地为山区居民提供了可靠的生活和作物补充灌溉用水 ,在缺水山区的特定条件下是一项不可替代的措施。它具有分散解决、利用就地资源、采用适用技术、低投入 ,有利于社区和群众参与等特点 ,是符合可持续原则的综合发展模式。雨水集蓄利用的迅速发展已经对水资源学科提出了一系列新课题 ,将成为水资源科学新的生长点     

松嫩平原洪涝旱碱综合治理及水土资源可持续利用问题

文章依据松嫩平原洪、涝、旱、碱综合治理和在水土资源中存在的问题，提出必须加大科研力度，提高技术含量，从保护生态环境可持续开发利用自然资源的战略角度出发，综合治理洪、涝、旱、碱灾害，并提出了一些具体作法。     

蒸发式冷凝在制冷工艺上的应用

分析对比制冷工艺中几种冷凝方式，指出发展蒸发式冷凝技术对制冷系统节能的重要意义；通过分析蒸发式冷凝的换热机理，在试验和实践的基础上讨论了影响蒸发式冷凝器性能的几个重要因素。     

Psychological research, practice, and social policy: Potential pathways of influence.

Greater use of psychological research and practice knowledge in the formulation of social policy is necessary to enhance the well-being of U.S. citizens and communities. Although historically there are instances in which psychological and social science research and practice have had a substantial influence on federal policy, for the most part the relationships among research, practice, and policy have been tenuous. Three cases in which research has substantively influenced policy over the past 80 years are reviewed: Keynesian economics, Head Start legislation, and the activities of conservative think tanks. Several recommendations are made for ways in which psychologists can enhance their influence in the policy arena, including communicating directly with policymakers regarding relevant policy findings and knowledge gleaned from practice; conducting interdisciplinary, multilevel research as well as evaluation research (including qualitative data drawn from practice settings); and networking among researchers, practitioners, policy advocates, and social action groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

北京某学校雨水利用设计

以北京市某中学为例,介绍一种学校雨水利用的方法。根据校区水量平衡计算结果,对利用校园内汇集的雨水作为冲厕、绿化和景观用水等进行设计;采取相应的技术措施,对雨水径流的污染进行控制,保障所利用雨水的水质达到要求,并采用生态净化的方式,使学校景观水体循环起来。虽然雨水利用工程投资较高,但其社会和环境效益显著。     

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求文针对我国天然气凝液如何利用问题,结合新技术进展,进行了初步探讨,认为原料较多的场合,应以催化脱氢或芳构化作为当前的主要加工方向。对原料较少的场合,也提出一些看法。     

Assessment of the energy and exergy utilization efficiencies in the Turkish agricultural sector

This study deals with evaluating the energy and exergy utilization efficiencies in the Turkish agricultural sector over a 12‐year period from 1990 to 2001. In the energy and exergy analyses, two main energy sources, namely fuels and electricity, are taken into consideration, while the sectoral energy and exergy efficiencies are compared for this period. These main energy sources include diesel for tractors and other vehicles, and electricity for pumps. Overall energy utilization efficiencies are obtained to vary between 29.1 and 41.1%, while overall exergy utilization efficiencies are found to range from 27.9 to 37.4% in the analysed years, respectively. It may be concluded that the present technique proposed here may be used as a useful tool in analysing and evaluating the energy and exergy utilization efficiencies, identifying energy efficiency and/or energy conservation opportunities and dictating the energy strategies of countries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

徽派园林的保护、继承与创新

文章从对中国江南古典园林中重要的一支——徽派园林的现状分析出发,提出了对徽派园林保护和利用的方向和策略,阐述了对徽派园林加以继承和创新的意义和方法。     

以乌海地区为例透视矿业环境问题

以乌海地区为例，全面剖析了采矿对地质环境的破坏及其对生态、经济、社会带来的影响，旨在有助于社会对此问题严重性的认识，以便为区域可持续发展制定良策。     

谈合理布局我国铝工业问题

文章分析了我国铝工业特别是电解铝工业布局的变化及其总布局战略思考的转变过程,并从铝工业特别是电解铝工业与合理开发利用我国能源资源 合理的铝工业链以及环保等方面的关系,论述了我国迫切需要统一思想,制定出一个科学合理的铝工业总体布局产业政策以及能保证其能正确实施的经济、法律手段。