复合载荷下裂纹体的弹塑性断裂行为的电镜原位观察

应用电原位拉伸的方法观察了解合金ＬＹ１２在不同（Ｉ＋Ⅱ）复合型下裂纹尖端的塑性变形和断裂过程。结果表明，复合载荷作用下裂纹尖端的变形是钝一锐化变形模式。裂纹的断裂发生了钝化区，断裂方位与最大应力三轴性水平的分布方位一致。不同复合型下的断裂遵循等太孔洞损伤机制，最大周向拉应力是铝合金复合型断裂的力学控制因素。随Ⅱ型分量增加，ＬＹ１２启裂ＣＯＤ值增加。     

预应力钢桁架结构的设计与极限承载力分析

介绍了钢桁架结构体系的布置特点,结合初始态张拉分析,提出合理运用张拉预应力的方法.考虑初始缺陷,着重进行几何非线性分析和弹塑性极限承载力分析,找出结构的破坏机制.计算结果表明结构具有足够的安全储备.     

Large bending of pipes

The computer model developed has been used successfully for studying the large pipe-bending problem frequently encountered in offshore structural engineering. The pipe-soil interaction is modelled by using the Coulomb friction law. The modified finite element approach coupled with a modified tangent stiffness procedure is used to handle the nonlinearities (geometric and material, etc.) in the problem. The material nonlinearity has been considered both by the plastic-hinge method and by an elastic-plastic method. Before studying the practical problems, sufficient check problems were analysed and a good agreement was found between theoretically exact solutions and the results obtained from the developed computer model.     

Damage Field Ahead of a Tensile Crack in an Elastic-Plastic and Viscoplastic Material

This paper investigates the interaction between a macroscopic crack and microscopic damage in an elastic-plastic and viscoplastic material subjected to tensile in-plane loading. The aim is to predict the fracture conditions by accounting for void accumulation in the vicinity of the crack-tip. A power law relates the stress to the strain of the material. The damage, which invokes the growth and coalescence of microvoids, is confined to a small circular zone surrounding the crack-tip. At the onset of crack extension, the applied stress for small-scale and large-scale yielding solutions is found to be proportional to a₀ ^-1/(n+1), where 2a₀is the initial crack length and n is the strain hardening exponent of the material. For small-scale yielding, the conditions required for fatigue crack growth and steady-state creep are determined. In particular, the variations of the normalized crack length with the number of loading cycles and the time required for failure are shown for various strain hardening exponents, applied loading, and material damage parameters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Infrared Measurements of Heating and Cooling Emissions in Aluminium and Steel during Tensile and Cyclic Loading

In this paper,a new thermographic methodbased on the measurement of infrared emission(IR)from the surface of loaded body has been used tostudy the cooling and heating in aluminium andsteel specimens under tensile and cyclic loading.Atypical test procedure using infrared to measurethermographic changes near the crack tip and theimmediate surrounding area is described.In addi-tion,a procedure for determining the stress concen-tration near the crack tip is also presented.Resultsare given for thermoelastic cooling phenomenon ofmetals during the tensile process and IR coolingand IR heating emissions at the crack tip duringcyclic loading.Attention is drawn to the multiplephenomenon of IR cooling emission in the receivedsignal as the applied load range increases beyondthe elastic limit of both metals.A new applicationof the IR technique to the determination of the po-sition of crack tip during cyclic loading is also pres-ented.     

基于龙格库塔法的弹塑性有限元并行计算

基于MPI集群环境对弹塑性区域分解有限元并行计算进行研究。提出了基于三阶和四阶的龙格库塔（Runge-Kutta）方法对应力-应变关系进行积分的算法。积分过程中自动调整子步大小来控制积分过程中的误差。研制了采用最小残余平滑法的子结构预处理共轭梯度并行求解算法。算法在基于工作站机群的并行环境下实现。计算结果表明：该算法具有良好的并行加速比和效率,是一种有效的并行求解算法。     

核电结构材料应力腐蚀开裂初始阶段裂尖驱动力的研究

裂尖力学状态是影响核电结构材料应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)扩展速率的主要因素之一。为了搞清SCC不同扩展阶段裂尖驱动力的变化及其对SCC扩展速率的影响,本文建立了SCC扩展不同阶段的有限元模型,详细分析了裂纹初始阶段影响裂尖应力状态的工作载荷、残余应力,以及氧化膜形成过程中产生的膜致应力。结果表明,在SCC裂纹初始阶段,裂尖氧化膜形成所产生的“锲入张力”是SCC的主要驱动力;随着裂纹的扩展,工作载荷和残余应力逐渐成为SCC裂纹扩展的主要驱动力。     

平板铝型材宽展挤压模结构改进

针对某企业生产的平板铝型材氧化后有夹渣、组织条痕等缺陷,采用弹塑性有限元理论,对铝型材宽展挤压过程进行了数值模拟。根据模拟结果分析了造成该缺陷的主要原因,并对生产平板铝型材的宽展挤压模的结构进行改进和优化。通过生产验证,挤压出质量合格的平板铝型材,提出的模具改进方案是行之有效的。     

不同压弯量对无缝钢管斜辊矫直残余应力分布的影响

从研究2-2-2型无缝钢管斜辊矫直机矫直过程入手,基于大变形弹塑性有限元法,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了Ф88 mm×10 mm×2500 mm无缝钢管斜辊冷矫直的数值模型。通过模拟计算分析不同压弯量对钢管矫直后残余应力分布状况的影响,并与X-Ray衍射结果对比。模拟结果表明:矫直后钢管轴向、环向残余应力的峰值均随压下量的增大而增大;钢管轴向残余应力内表面为压应力,外表面为拉应力;环向残余应力从内至外逐渐由压应力变为拉应力,且越靠近内、外表面残余应力值越大。模拟实验结果与真实结果吻合。     

淬火工艺有限元模拟中弹塑性比例系数的计算方法

淬火过程是一个温度、相变、应力应变相互影响的材料非线性过程。根据淬火过程的特点,提出了一种新的计算弹塑性比例系数的方法,使用该方法可以求解过渡单元的弹塑性比。在模拟过程中,为了提高计算精度、减少计算时间,提出了两种加速弹塑性比例系数收敛的方法:弹性逼近法和插值方法。应用弹性逼近法和插值方法对无相变冷却过程和有相变冷却过程进行有限元模拟,将模拟所得应力变化曲线与实验结果相比较。结果表明,弹性逼近法和插值方法可以显著减少弹塑性比例系数的迭代次数,计算得到的应力值与实验结果吻合较好。