A resource elasticity framework for QoS-aware execution of cloud applications

Cloud infrastructures consisting of heterogeneous resources are increasingly being utilized for hosting large-scale distributed applications from diverse users with discrete needs. The multifarious cloud applications impose varied demands for computational resources along with multitude of performance implications. Successful hosting of cloud applications necessitates service providers to take into account the heterogeneity existing in the behavior of users, applications and system resources while respecting the user’s agreed Quality of Service (QoS) criteria. In this work, we propose a QoS-Aware Resource Elasticity (QRE) framework that allows service providers to make an assessment of the application behavior and develop mechanisms that enable dynamic scalability of cloud resources hosting the application components. Experimental results conducted on the Amazon EC2 cloud clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach while complying with the agreed QoS attributes of users.     

Second order shear lag theory

The standard shear lag theory for elastic aligned short-fibre composites is extended to allow for a gradient of overall strain. The result is a one-dimensional strain gradient theory of the Toupin–Mindlin type. All parameters are the same as in the standard theory, and in the limits of weak strain gradients, large fibre aspect ratios or low elastic modulus ratios, the standard theory is recovered. The gradient effect is illustrated by a simple one-dimensional boundary value problem: a vertical composite rod fixed at both ends and loaded by gravity. The fibre length significantly affects the solution when the fibres are rigid and their length is near the rod length; but otherwise the effect is weak.     

Frictional contact analysis of functionally graded materials with Lagrange finite block method

Based on the one‐dimensional differential matrix derived from the Lagrange series expansion, the finite block method was recently developed to solve both the elasticity and transient heat conduction problems of anisotropic and functionally graded materials. In this paper, the formulation of the Lagrange finite block method with boundary type in the strong form is presented and applied to non‐conforming contact problems for the functionally graded materials subjected to either static or dynamic loads. The first order partial differential matrices are only needed both in the governing equations and in the Neumann boundary condition. By introducing the mapping technique, a block of quadratic type is transformed from the Cartesian coordinate of global system to the normalized coordinate with eight seeds. Time dependent partial differential equations are analyzed in the Laplace transformed domain and the Durbin's inversion method is applied to determine all the physical values in the time domain. Conforming and non‐conforming contacts are investigated by using the iterative algorithm with full load technique. Illustrative numerical examples are given and comparisons have been made with analytical solutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NURBS based least‐squares finite element methods for fluid and solid mechanics

This contribution investigates the performance of a least‐squares finite element method based on non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) basis functions. The least‐squares functional is formulated directly in terms of the strong form of the governing equations and boundary conditions. Thus, the introduction of auxiliary variables is avoided, but the order of the basis functions must be higher or equal to the order of the highest spatial derivatives. The methodology is applied to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and to linear as well as nonlinear elastic solid mechanics. The numerical examples presented feature convective effects and incompressible or nearly incompressible material. The numerical results, which are obtained with equal‐order interpolation and without any stabilisation techniques, are smooth and accurate. It is shown that for p and h refinement, the theoretical rates of convergence are achieved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

发泡剂表面扩张性质与泡沫性能的关系

为考察发泡剂表面扩张性质与泡沫性能的关系,利用界面流变仪测量发泡剂的表面扩张性质和泡沫扫描仪测量发泡剂的泡沫性能.实验结果表明:不同发泡剂的表面扩张模量、黏性和弹性随质量分数增加出现极大值,非离子表面活性剂的表面扩张黏性明显高于其他发泡剂,其余4种发泡剂的表面扩张黏性相差不明显,不同发泡剂的表面扩张模量的关系与表面扩张黏性基本一致;随质量分数增加,不同发泡剂的起泡体积趋于平稳,泡沫稳定性出现极大值,而后缓慢降低,其中非离子表面活性剂和椰油酰胺丙基羟磺酸甜菜碱的起泡体积和泡沫稳定性最好,十二烷基苯磺酸钠的较差;发泡剂的泡沫稳定性与表面扩张弹性具有较好的对应关系,与表面扩张模量或表面扩张黏性也有一定的对应关系,但不是一一对应.     

Stresses and displacements in a circular ring loaded by symmetrically spaced radial forces

This paper presents the study of a plane elasticity problem for a concentric circular ring loaded by a system of equal radial forces equally spaced around its outer ring boundary. The problem is solved by the Kolosov–Muskhelishvili complex variables method. Explicit formulas are derived for calculating components of the stress tensor and of the displacement vector. Numerical values for circumferential stress and radial displacement are given for various ratios of inner and outer ring radii and various numbers of forces.     

弹性力学本科教学中的矩阵表达形式

在弹性力学的本科教学中,采用了矩阵形式来表达各物理量间的相互关系.文中主要讨论了以应力、应变、位移为基本量的各物理量间的矩阵表达形式,包括基本方程、边界条件以及不同坐标间的基本物理量的转换关系.采用矩阵表达形式不仅书写简洁、记忆容易,而且表现直观、便于理解.     

Boundary element analysis of rotationally symmetric systems under general boundary conditions

Engineering systems often exhibit cyclic symmetry (or rotational periodicity) of geometrical and physical properties. This paper deals with the use of this feature in the context of the direct boundary element method, and shows how to decompose an elastostatic and steady state b.v. problem with general (not cyclically symmetric) boundary conditions into a number of much smaller problems over a single segment.

There is no need to discretize the interfaces between adjacent segments. The decomposition is achieved by rotational transformations of physical into cyclic components     

RPA8000橡胶加工分析仪在炭黑补强性能检测中的应用

采用RPA8000橡胶加工分析仪对炭黑添加到橡胶后补强性能进行测试,结果发现,所测的弹性模量、补强因子与胶料的拉伸强度有很好的相关性,可直观的反映炭黑添加到橡胶后的补强性能,检验过程简单,减小了检测过程的影响因素,适当提高了炭黑在橡胶的补强性能测试效率。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Linear and Tri-Block PLLA–PEG–PLLA Blends

This study was conducted to synthesize poly(L-lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(L-lactide) triblock copolymer (PEGLA) with different poly(L-lactide) block length, and explore its applicability in a blend with linear poly(L-lactide) (3051D NatureWorks) with the intention of improving heat seal and adhesion properties at extrusion coating on paperboard. Poly(L-lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(L-lactide) was obtained by ring opening polymerization of L-lactide using poly(ethylene glycol) (molecular weight 6000 g mol^?1) as an initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst. The structures of the PEGLAs were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The melt flow and thermal properties of all PEGLAs and their blends were evaluated using dynamic rheology and differential scanning calorimeter. All blends containing 10 wt% of PEGLAs displayed similar zero shear viscosities to neat poly(L-lactide), while blends containing 30 wt% of PEGLAs showed slightly higher zero shear viscosity. However, all blends displayed higher shear thinning and increased melt elasticity (based on tan δ). No major changes in thermal properties were distinguished from differential scanning calorimetric studies. High molecular weight PEGLAs could be used in extrusion coating with 3051D without problems.